In many models, economic growth is driven by people discovering new ideas. These models typically assume either a constant or growing population. However, in high income countries today, fertility already below its replacement rate: women are having fewer than two children on average. It distinct possibility that global population will decline rather stabilize the long run. standard this has pr...

PURPOSE In clinical ophthalmology as in other fields, measuring patient-reported outcomes imposes a burden on patients. To decrease that burden, we used item-response theory (IRT) to develop and test a short version of the National Eye Institute's Visual Function Questionnaire (VFQ). METHODS We analyzed VFQ data from 276 adults in Japan. Most of them had glaucoma, cataract, or macular degener...

Poverty is an economic problem experienced by almost all regions in Indonesia, including East Java Province, where poverty relatively high 2016 Absolute of 4.78 million people. Therefore, it necessary to find a solution overcome the or reduce poverty. This study aims analyze effect Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), population, Minimum Wage (UMR), open unemployment rate and Human Developme...

JEL Classifications: I12, J11, N31 This paper documents differences in body size between white, black, and Indian midnineteenth century American men and investigates the socioeconomic and demographic determinants of frame size using a unique data set of Civil War soldiers. It finds that over time men have grown taller and heavier and have relatively less abdominal fat, implying that “modern” ch...

The paper investigates how ageing will affect asset prices. A small model is used to show that economic and demographic factors drive asset, and in particular house, prices. These factors are estimated in a panel regression framework encompassing BIS real house price data from 22 advanced economies between 1970 and 2009. The estimates show that demographic factors affect real house prices signi...

This paper examines the relationship between fertility and human capital investment and its implications for economic growth, focusing on the effects of declining mortality. Unlike the existing literature, this paper stresses the role of uncertainty about the number of surviving children. If the marginal utility of a surviving child is convex, then there will be a precautionary demand for child...

This paper uses data from the Mexican Family Life Survey to estimate the impact of a household member’s migration to the United States on the cognitive development of children remaining in Mexico. While there is no developmental effect of a child’s sibling migrating to the United States, there is an adverse effect when another household member—typically the child’s parent—migrates. This is part...