Sustainable glasses were prepared by green technology including the use of different wastes as raw materials and concentrated solar power (CSP) renewable energy. The used to formulate animal bone flour ash, which presents high contents CaO, P2O5 alkaline oxides; glassy sand from waste packaging glass submitted a primary treatment, composed principally SiO2; potassium carbonate reagent grade. Di...

The objective of this work is to develop bioactive glass coatings for metallic orthopedic implants. A new family of glasses in the SiO2–Na2O–K2O–CaO–MgO–P2O5 system has been synthesized and characterized. The glass properties (thermal expansion, softening and transformation temperatures, density and hardness) are in line with the predictions of established empirical models. The optimized firing...

The black shale of Chimiari region of Khyber Pakthunkhawa Pakistan is sieved for its mineral evaluation of various fractions. Disc Pulverizer made by Mine and Smelter Supply Co. Denver USA used for grinding and Tyler series for sieving to get the required range of fractions. Study showed a gradual decrease in concentration of S iO2, Al2O3, K2O, V2O5 and TiO2 from higher fraction size to lower f...

The direct available method for phosphorus in fertilizers, Method 960.03, is an Official Method for extraction of both P2O5 and K2O. Because K2O is much more soluble and easier to extract than P2O5, the conditions of the extraction procedure are set for efficient extraction of P2O5, and the extraction of K2O is, in effect, a bonus. In 1993, a modified extraction procedure, using an extractant o...

Modal classifications of common volcanic rocks are expensive, difficult, or impossible to attain. As a consequence, these classified using the chemical composition. However, existing classificatory diagrams unable identify all 16 families rocks; most used is total alkali-silica (TAS) diagram that identifies six families. Rocks not in TAS misclassified with other rock names; their names evolving...

In this study, the effects of various factors (weight fraction of the SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, Na2O, K2O, CaO, MgO, Cl, SO3, and the Blaine of the cement particles) on the concrete compressive strength and also initial setting time have been investigated. Compressive strength and setting time tests have been carried out based on DIN standards in this study. Interactions of these factors have been ob...

-The bioactive glass 45S5 (Hench glass), having composition 45 SiO2 24.5 Na2O 24.5 CaO -6 P2O5 (wt %) were prepared with substituted Li2O, K2O, ZnO, MgO, and B2O3 by conventional melting process in an electric globar furnace at 1400±10 OC. The Controlled crystallization were carried out to convert the bioglasses to their corresponding bioglass ceramics. Nucleation and crystallization regimes we...

Precise Fe/Mn ratios and MnO contents have been determined for basalts from the Hawaiian shields of Ko’olau and Kilauea by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. It is well known that the youngest Ko’olau (Makapu’u-stage) shield lavas define a geochemical endmember for Hawaiian lavas in terms of CaO and SiO2 contents and isotopic ratios of O, Sr, Nd, Hf, Pb, and Os. We find that their Mn...

Geochemical study of a 3.55 m long lake sediment core from the Badanital Lake (Garhwal Himalaya) reveals Late Holocene centennial-scale climatic changes. The ecosystem of the tectonically formed lake seems to be controlled by natural and anthropogenic factors. The imprints of four major global events, e.g. 4.2 ka event, Medieval Warm Period (MWP), Little Ice Age (LIA) and modern warming are obs...