INTRODUCTION Within China's multi-tiered medical system, many patients seek care in higher-tiered hospitals without a referral by a primary-care provider. This trend, generally referred to as patient self-referral behavior, may reduce the efficiency of the health care system. This study seeks to test the hypothesis that having a usual primary care provider could reduce patients' self-referral b...

Background. Township hospitals in China provide rural communities with basic but much needed critical health care services. The doctors working in these hospitals often feel unsatisfied when considering their work schedules and financial rewards. Method. To explore job satisfaction of health workers in a township hospital, a qualitative study was conducted of 39 doctors from five township hospi...

Over 10,000,000 children leave school to go into the trades without a complete common school education. There are 32,000,000 breadwinners in the United States, 2,000,000 of whom do brain work, and the remainder, 30,000,000, are employed in the manual labor trades. According to this table only 17 per cent of the pupils who enter the first grade of the elementary school remain to complete the wor...

Minority-race children in North America and Europe often show less own-race favoritism than children of the majority (White) race, but the reasons for this asymmetry are unresolved. The present research tested South African children in order to probe the influences of group size, familiarity, and social status on children's race-based social preferences. We assessed South African children's pre...

This study proposes to develop methodologies for public water supply quality control by implementing evaluation and control mechanisms and enhancing environmental health surveillance decision-making. These objectives were based on data for waterborne diseases recorded at the Rio de Janeiro State Health Department. We selected the following neighborhoods: Posse (1st Township) and Caioaba (5th To...

A project is underway to map die indoor radon potential for New York State at the township level. Through a detector distribution program the New York State Department of Health has a database of over 36,000 basement screening measurements. The address field for the indoor measurement data is being linked to latitude and longitude coordinates using data files containing coordinate information. ...