Numerical experiments with a 2.5-layer and a 2-level model are conducted to examine the mechanism for the planetary scale selection of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO). The strategy here is to examine the evolution of an initial perturbation that has a form of the equatorial Kelvin wave at zonal wavenumbers of 1 to 15. In the presence of a frictional boundary layer, the most unstable mode pr...

We studied the mechanisms of flame acceleration (FA) and deflagration to detonation transition (DDT) triggered by a combination solid jet obstacles. The Navier–Stokes equations with detailed hydrogen–air kinetics model were utilized. Vast Kelvin–Helmholtz instabilities generate intensive turbulence–flame interactions, leading an increase in surface area high propagation velocity. position has s...

Despite the common use of standard linear solid model (SLSM) in viscoelasticity, physical significance as well difference between Maxwell and Kelvin forms SLSM are still not clear. This paper demonstrates that each parameter those two models has its specific meaning, introduces relationships allowing transformations parameters. Regardless their significance, equivalent terms mathematical proper...

It is well documented in the modem literature that the conventional laws of capillarity such as Laplace, Kelvin, and Young-Dupre equations are not adequate when applied to fluids confined by particulate and porous materials. Specifics of interactions of fluids with solid surfaces at the nanoscale are of special engineering importance in view of recent discovery of carbon nanotubes and rapidly g...

Controlling axial and radial dopant profiles in nanowires is of utmost importance for NW-based devices, as the formation of tightly controlled electrical junctions is crucial for optimization of device performance. Recently, inhomogeneous dopant profiles have been observed in vapor–liquid–solid grown nanowires, but the underlying mechanisms that produce these inhomogeneities have not been compl...

We have derived new results concerning thermal tides on Mars from a combination of radio occultation measurements and numerical simulations by a Mars General Circulation Model (MGCM). This investigation exploits a set of concurrent observations by Mars Express (MEX) and Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) in mid-2004, when the season on Mars was midspring in the northern hemisphere. The MEX occultations...

Because of the fact that vehicle crash tests are complex and complicated experiments it is advisable to establish their mathematical models. This paper contains an overview of the kinematic and dynamic relationships of a vehicle in a collision. There is also presented basic mathematical model representing a collision together with its analysis. The main part of this paper is devoted to methods ...

Si/Si1-xGex Heterostructured nanowires are grown by Reduced Pressure-Chemical Vapor Deposition (RP-CVD) using catalyst assisted Vapor Liquid Solid (VLS) and Vapor Solid Solid (VSS) method. We aim to obtain compositional (Si/Si1xGex) and/or doped (p-i-n) heterostructures with abrupt interfaces. The resulting NW heterostructures are structurally characterized using e.g. transmission electron micr...

with changes in a macroscopic collection of molecules he had witnessed—water which changes from solid to liquid to vapor as temperature increases. Fast forward almost exactly fi ve hundred years since “Hamlet” was fi rst performed at the Globe to the year 2004 and the Penn State University laboratory of physicist Moses Chan, where temperatures can be lowered to 0.2 Kelvin (0.2 above absolute ze...

Atmospheric dynamics in the tropical regions is dominated by unbalanced motions in response to convective processes, found to vary on many temporal scales from diurnal to inter-seasonal and inter-annual scales. The gravest wave excited by convection is the Kelvin wave and it is characteristics by eastward and upward propagation away from its convective source. As it propagates vertically, a pac...