This paper has examined the phenomenon of convergence of per capita out put levels across the IC countries for the 1960-1998 periods. Three concepts of convergence, i.e., sigma beta and relative beta, have been used. The estimated beta values reveals only a very weak convergence (?=.0014) across IC for 1960-1998 period. But when a more homogeneous group of countries were selected, the results s...

the main purpose of this paper is to examine the convergence of price-levels of tradable goods in comparison to that of services (non-tradable) under the free trade among iranian provinces over 2007- 2012. this comparison has been achieved by applying the pair-wise approach which has been recently developed by pesaran (2005). in this approach, the time series models (adf, df-gls and kpss unit r...

â â â â â â  â  abstract â  outward-oriented economies seem to grow faster than inward-looking ones. does the literature on convergence have anything to say on this? in the dynamic heckscher-ohlin-samuelson model, with factor-price equalization, there is no convergence of incomes. this is because with identical preferences and return to capital, irrespective of initial levels the growth rates o...

A new observer based fault detection and diagnosis scheme for predicting induction motors’ faults is proposed in this paper. Prediction of incipient faults, using different variants of Kalman filter and their relative performance are evaluated. Only soft faults are considered for this work. The data generation, filter convergence issues, hypothesis testing and residue estimates are addressed. S...

We present a new hypothesis concerning cognitive reflection and the relationship between System 1 and System 2, corresponding roughly to intuition and reason. This hypothesis postulates a tighter integration between systems than is implied by the common framework of separate modules. If systems are tightly coupled, as we propose here, an explanation of cognitive reflection may rest in the prema...

A hierarchical framework is proposed to address the issues of modeling different type of words in keyword spotting (KWS). Keyword models are built at various levels according to the availability of training set resources for each individual word. The proposed approach improves the performance of KWS even when no training speech is available for the keywords. It also suggests an easier way to co...