Two experiments tested how faithfully German children aged 4 ;5 to 5 ;6 reproduce ditransitive sentences that are unmarked or marked with respect to word order and focus (Exp1) or definiteness (Exp2). Adopting an optimality theory (OT) approach, it is assumed that in the German adult grammar word order is ranked lower than focus and definiteness. Faithfulness of children's reproductions decreas...

In this paper we study the positive definiteness of meet and join matrices using a novel approach. When the set Sn is meet closed, we give a sufficient and necessary condition for the positive definiteness of the matrix (Sn)f . From this condition we obtain some sufficient conditions for positive definiteness as corollaries. We also use graph theory and show that by making some graph theoretic ...

It is well known that some XML elements correspond to objects (in the sense of object-orientation) and others do not. The question we consider in this paper is what benefits we can derive from paying attention to such object semantics, particularly for the problem of keyword queries. Keyword queries against XML data have been studied extensively in recent years, with several lowest-common-ances...