1. Abstract Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs) possess continuously graded material properties and are characterized by spatially varying microstructures. Such materials are studied in conjunction with the concept of topology optimization design which determines holes and connectivities of the structure by adding and removing material in the extended fixed design domain. The objective is to d...

This paper presents a modeling scheme for objects containing multiple materials or functionally graded materials (FGM), i.e. heterogeneous objects. The material composition variations under this modeling scheme are controlled by some reference features termed as “grading sources”. The “grading source” gathers the type of grading, position of grading and a material grading function for controlli...

Functionally graded materials (FGMs) are compositionally gradient materials. They can achieve the controlled distribution of the desired characteristics within the same bulk material. We describe a functionally graded (FG) metal-phosphor adapting the concept of the FGM; copper (Cu) is selected as a metal and Cu- and Cl-doped ZnS (ZnS:Cu,Cl) is selected as a phosphor and FG [Cu]-[ZnS:Cu,Cl] is f...

In the present investigation, free vibration of functionally graded material (FGM) skew plates under thermal environment is studied. Kinematics equations are based on the Reddy’s higher order shear deformation theory and a nine noded isoparametric Lagrangian element is adopted to mesh the plate geometry. The issue of C1 continuity requirement related to the assumed displacement field has been c...

the effect of axial deformation of shell particles on the dynamic instability (flutter) of cantilevered cylindrical shells made of functionally graded materials (fgm) under an end axial follower force is addressed. to this end, at first, results for free vibration of fgm cylindrical shells were verified with previous outcomes and they were in very good agreement. then, the effect of axial defor...

Functionally graded materials (FGM) present enormous potential to combine with distinct mechanical and thermal properties in a component via compositional gradient throughout the body. In work, step Al2O3/NbC composites were assessed order obtain FGM high hardness good fracture toughness. Step uniaxially pressed cylinders consolidated by Spark plasma sintering (SPS) into fully dense (>99% TD) c...

This paper presents an approach based on topological hierarchy to representation and subsequent fabrication of functionally graded multi-material (FGM) objects by layered manufacturing. The approach represents an FGM object by material control functions and discretisation of slice contours. Based on the topological hierarchy of slice contours, material control functions are associated with cont...

Despite dental implantation being a great success, one of the key issues facing it is a mismatch of mechanical properties between engineered and native biomaterials, which makes osseointegration and bone remodeling problematical. Functionally graded material (FGM) has been proposed as a potential upgrade to some conventional implant materials such as titanium for selection in prosthetic dentist...

To integrate irreconcilable material properties into a single component, a new class of engineered materials termed “surface composites” has been developed. In this engineered material, the second phase is spatially distributed in the near surface regions, such that the phase composition is linearly graded as a function of distance from the surface. Surface composites are different from existin...