Aalto University, P.O. Box 11000, FI-00076 Aalto www.aalto.fi Author Hanna Hörhammer Name of the doctoral dissertation A larch biorefinery producing pulp and lactic acid Publisher School of Chemical Technology Unit Department of Forest Products Technology Series Aalto University publication series DOCTORAL DISSERTATIONS 143/2014 Field of research Biorefineries Manuscript submitted 6 June 2014 D...

This paper describes our efforts focused at defining the formation of diphenylmethane moieties in lignin during conventional kraft and soda pulping conditions. This objective was realized by confirming, initially, the assignment of a P NMR signal as being due exclusively to the presence of phosphitylated diphenylmethane (DPM) phenolic hydroxyl groups. More specifically, softwood milled wood lig...

nanofibrillated cellulose fibers were produced from unbleached kraft pulp of kenaf bast fiber. air dried and vacuum filtrated films of cellulose nanofibers were produced and their density and tensile properties were investigated. kenaf bast fiber unbleached kraft pulp has good potential for production of cellulose nanofibers by microfluidizer; so that the use of kenaf bast fiber unbleached kraf...

EXPERIMENTAL A softwood (mainly spruce) bleached kraft pulp (SWBKP), and a hardwood (eucalyptus) bleached kraft pulp (HWBKP) were refined in a PFI mill to 470 and 490 ml CSF freeness, respectively. Three grades of commercial aspen high-yield pulp (325/85, 325/83, 250/80) were obtained from Tembec Inc., without further refining treatment. The properties of the pulp samples are listed in Table I....

Pulp and paper effluents are considered as serious environmental hazards and their treatment, because of multiplicity of impurities and complexity of their chemical structures, is one of the most difficult and inconvenient industrial processes. As the most pulp and paper mill work on kraft process, there are few studies in literature on the treatment of neural sulfite semi chemical (NSSC) p...

The authors studied a cohort of 30,157 male pulp and paper workers in British Columbia, Canada. Of these, 20,373 worked in kraft mills only, 5,249 in sulfite mills only, and 4,535 in both kraft and sulfite mills. All workers with at least 1 year of employment on January 1, 1950, or thereafter until December 31, 1992, were studied. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were used to compare the mo...

Worldwide, wild fish living in rivers receiving municipal and industrial discharges may experience endocrine disruption as a result of exposure to anthropogenic pollutants. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the hormonal status of wild fish in a U.S. river receiving unbleached kraft and recycled pulp mill effluent (Pearl River at Bogalusa, LA). We evaluated two alternative hypotheses: th...

Residual lignin carbohydrate complexes (RLCC) were isolated enzymatically from spruce and pine pulp. The RLCCs contained 4.9–9.4% carbohydrates, with an enrichment of galactose and arabinose compared to the original pulp samples. The main carbohydrate units present in all studied RLCCs were 4-substituted xylose, 4-, 3and 3,6-substituted galactose, 4-substituted glucose and 4 and 4,6-substituted...

A formic/acetic acid/water system was used in the ratios of 30:60:10, 20:60:20, and 30:50:20 separately for efficient hydrolysis and bioconversion of poplar chips, under the solid/liquid ratio of 1:12(g/ml), at 105 C for 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 min, respectively. The highest yield of 69.89% was at a formic/acetic acid /water ratio of 30:50:20(v/v/v), with solid/liquid in the ratio of 1:12(g/ml) ...