BACKGROUND Pedicle-screw-based posterior dynamic stabilization devices are designed to alleviate the rate of accelerated degeneration of the vertebral level adjacent to the level of spinal fusion. A new pedicle-screw-based posterior dynamic stabilization device- the Awesome Dynamic Rod System was designed with curve cuts on the rods to provide flexibility. The current study was conducted to eva...

The syntheses, magnetochemistry and crystallography of [Fe(L1)2]I0.5[I3]1.5 (1), [Fe(L1)2][Co(C2B9H11)2]2 (2) and [Fe(L2)2][SbF6]2 (3) (L1 = 2,6-di(pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine; L2 = 2,6-di(3-methylpyrazol-1-yl)pyridine) are described. Compounds 1 and 3 are high-spin between 5-300 K. For 1, this reflects a novel variation of an angular Jahn-Teller distortion at the iron centre, which traps the molecul...

the purpose of the present study was to identify any significant relationship between critical thinking ability, l2 vocabulary knowledge, and l2 vocabulary learning strategies of iranian efl learners. to this aim, the productive vocabulary levels test was administered to measure the learner’s l2 vocabulary knowledge and observe homogeneity in terms of vocabulary knowledge. at the second stage, ...

Abstract The current study explores how multilingual speakers with three typologically different languages (satellite-framed, verb-framed and equipollent-framed) encode gauge event similarity in the domain of caused motion. Specifically, it addresses whether, to what extent, acquisition an L2-English L3-Japanese reconstructs lexicalization conceptualization patterns established L1-Cantonese whe...

Pyrrolyl squaraines, both dyes and polymers, were first reported in 1965 and since then a fascinating body of work has been produced investigating the chemistry of these interesting molecules. A major aspect of these molecules that makes them so appealing to those researchers who have contributed to this field over the last 50 years is their chemical versatility. In this review, subjects, such ...

second language acquisition (sla) always happens when the learners live and have contact with the native speakers of a second language. although this study investigates learning english by ten native children of farsi, the authors try to simulate the second language acquisition environment. the research deals with the initial state and further development in the child second language learning o...

STUDY DESIGN Facet loading parameters of lumbar cadaver spines were measured during extension before and after placement of an interspinous process implant. OBJECTIVE The study was undertaken to quantify the influence of an interspinous implant on facet loading at the implanted and adjacent levels during extension. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Facet loading is increased during extension and d...

A ligamentous, nonlinear, sliding contact, three-dimensional finite element (FE) model of L2-L3 complex was developed to investigate the biomechanical effect of laminectomy with and without facetectomy. The L2-L3 FE model was validated against experimental study under various physiological loadings and found to match well with the experimental data. Four iatrogenic models (unilateral laminectom...

How a finite number of genes specify a seemingly infinite number of neuronal connections is a central question in neurobiology. Alternative splicing has been proposed to increase proteome diversity in the brain. Here we show that cell-specific alternative splicing of a cell-surface protein is crucial for neuronal wiring. Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule 2 (Dscam2) is a conserved homophilic ...