Aims: Entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) and its symbiotic bacterium are used worldwide as microbial control agents. Toxins from EPN bacteria were isolated provided basis for using this potential resource biocontrol agent against vegetable diseases pests.
 Study Design: The toxins extracted 28 strains of associated with entomopathogenic nematodes. insecticidal activity antibiotic pests determ...

Currently, the only accepted assay with which to detect active Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin is an in vivo mouse bioassay. The mouse bioassay is sensitive and robust and does not require specialized equipment. However, the mouse bioassay is slow and not practical in many settings, and it results in the death of animals. Here, we describe an in vitro cleavage assay for SNAP-25 (synaptosome-as...

The use of dimethylsulfoxide as a solvent for synthetic purine and urea derivatives in the tobacco callus bioassay for cytokinin activity (10) has simplified the test procedure at two stages. First, the high solubility of these compounds in DMSO' has made it possible to test the less active materials, or those which are only slightly water-soluble, through a wide range of concentrations; second...

A general field bioassay for detecting biologically active compounds in plants and insects has been developed and tested for efficacy and sensitivity. Methanolic extracts, in sucrose solution, of 20 plant and six caterpillar species were offered to the ponerine ant Paraponera clavata and the feeding preferences observed. The bioassay resulted in the detection of nine plant and three caterpillar...

A general field bioassay for detecting biologically active compounds in plants and insects has been developed and tested for efficacy and sensitivity. Methanolic extracts, in sucrose solution, of 20 plant and six caterpillar species were offered to the ponerine ant Paraponera clavata and the feeding preferences observed. The bioassay resulted in the detection of nine plant and three caterpillar...

A semi-field bioassay method using commonly available laundry tubs evaluated efficacy and residual activity of 6 granular corncob formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis against laboratory-reared late 3rd- and early 4th-instar larvae of Aedes taeniorhynchus introduced to the tubs. These formulations produced appreciable larval mortalities (up to 75%) for 9 days posttreatment,...