Facultative endosymbionts can induce benefits and costs to their aphid hosts. In the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), infection with ?-proteobacterium Hamiltonella defensa Moran et al. confer resistance against parasitoids, but may also reduce frequency of aggressive escape behaviours exhibited in response predators. potato aphids, Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas) ...

Two North American species of green lacewings have undergone a number of changes in their generic assignments and are currently classified as incertae sedis. Here we demonstrate that adults (both sexes) and larvae of these species share a set of features that distinguishes them from currently described genera. Thus, to promote nomenclatural stability in Chrysopidae, we describe Kymachrysa, a ge...

Sowing plants that provide food resources in orchards is a potential habitat management practice for enhancing biological control. Flowering (providing pollen and nectar) grasses alternative prey) can benefit natural enemies orchards; however, little known about their relative importance. We studied the effect of practices (flower strips, grass spontaneous grass) on arthropod predators under or...

Seasonal occurrence of aphids and aphidophagous insects was monitored for six years (2006 2011) from full leaf expansion in May to leaf fall in October variety pecan trees that were not treated with insecticides. Aphid outbreaks occurred two times per season, once in the spring and again in the late summer. Yellow pecan and blackmargined aphids exceeded the recommended treatment thresholds one ...

The use of simple and economic traps with long lasting lure dispensers is key for implementation of mass trapping strategies against pestiferous fruit flies. Simplicity, cost, ease of assembly, storage and transportation were considered during evaluation of a folding conical trap for mass trapping the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens. The application of deltamethrin to the lid of the trap r...

Abstract Habitat management improves biological control by increasing the abundance and fitness of natural enemies through provision floral resources along field edges or between crops. Among reliant on flower resources, green lacewings often stand out due to their abundance, predation capacity polyphagy. We evaluated impact tailored strips enhancement enemies, especially lacewings, in three or...

Rapisma McLachlan, 1866 (Neuroptera: Ithonidae) is a rarely encountered genus of lacewings found inmontane tropical or subtropical forests in Oriental Asia. In Xizang Autonomous Region (Tibet) of China there are two sympatrically distributed species of Rapisma, i.e. Rapisma xizangense Yang, 1993 and Rapisma zayuanum Yang, 1993, in which R. xizangense is only known as male and has dull brownish ...