In this paper, known probabilistic methods for estimating the thickness of boundary layer a two-dimensional laminar flow viscous incompressible fluid are extended to three-dimensional flows compressible medium. Their applicability problems boundary-layer stability is studied with LOTRAN3 software package, which allows us compute position laminar-turbulent transition in aerodynamic configurations.

Turbulent dynamical systems characterized by both a high-dimensional phase space and a large number of instabilities are ubiquitous among complex systems in science and engineering, including climate, material, and neural science. Control of these complex systems is a grand challenge, for example, in mitigating the effects of climate change or safe design of technology with fully developed shea...

The punching shear failure often governs the strength of the footing-to-column connection. The punching shear failure is an undesirable failure mode, since it results in a brittle failure of the footing. In this study, a new method to increase the strength and ductility of the footing was proposed by inserting the punching shear preventers (PSPs) into the footing. The validation and effectivene...

An electromagnetic flowmeter system that has an accuracy of 0.1% and is insensitive to fluid conductivity was used to study the sensitivity to steady flow of a 6-mm cannular transducer. All measurements were carried out at 37°C. Sensitivity decreased with increasing hematocrit value whether flow was laminar or otherwise. With laminar flow and a given hematocrit value, the sensitivity also decre...

  Unsteady flow separation on the airfoils with local flexible membrane (LFM) has been investigated in transient and laminar flows by the finite volume element method. A unique feature of the present method compared with the common computational fluid dynamic softwares, especially ANSYS CFX, is the modification using the physical influence scheme in convection fluxes at cell surfaces. In contr...

RATIONALE Lymphatic vessels function to drain interstitial fluid from a variety of tissues. Although shear stress generated by fluid flow is known to trigger lymphatic expansion and remodeling, the molecular basis underlying flow-induced lymphatic growth is unknown. OBJECTIVE We aimed to gain a better understanding of the mechanism by which laminar shear stress activates lymphatic proliferati...