Himalaya is a vast and diverse mountain system. Agro forestry land use covering (20%) of geographical area of Indian Himalayas is distributed as patches in the matrix of forest covering (52%) area. Forest based treecrop livestock integrated farming is the predominant traditional land use in central Himalayas.1 Hill agriculture appears to be key threat to soil biodiversity and ecosystem service ...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the cardiovascular response during head-out water immersion, underwater treadmill gait, and land treadmill gait in stroke patients. METHODS Ten stroke patients were recruited for underwater and land treadmill gait sessions. Each session was 40 minutes long; 5 minutes for standing rest on land, 5 minutes for standing rest in water or on treadmill, 20 minutes for treadmill...

The availability of about 18 million hectares of grassland in Pará State, Brazil, and the possibility of increasing the livestock density display a good perspective for the oil palm expansion in pasture land. A life cycle assessment is performed for a prospective palm-based biorefinery to view two regional and one global environmental impact and the consequences of the land-use change in terms ...

Soil attributes, including those in mine spoil heaps, critically affect plant growth during land rehabilitation. Their characterization through a limited number of samples requires quantification of spatial variability, which is then used at various stages throughout the rehabilitation process and assists risk analysis and rehabilitation decision making. Stochastic simulation is a tool used for...

Land stretching exercises are common exercise therapy for low back pain (LBP) patients. However, recently, water exercise became a popular rehabilitation for LBP patients, and many studies have reported the physical benefits of water exercise. This study compared the psychological and endocrinological effects of water exercise and land stretching by measuring salivary cortisol concentration and...

PURPOSE To evaluate the functional outcome of the hand following flexor tendon repair at 'no man's land' using 2 strands of a modified Kessler core suture and combined controlled motion rehabilitation protocol. METHODS Records of 31 zone-2 flexor tendon injuries in 21 digits of 16 patients between July 2000 and June 2005 were reviewed retrospectively. The injured tendons were repaired within ...

A 17 year old female athlete presented with Achilles tendinopathy. A protocol of water and land based rehabilitation was designed to achieve non-weight bearing and pain free activity, so that she could rapidly return to her event (400 m hurdles). After three weeks, she returned to regular training, and after a further three weeks she successfully competed in a 400 m hurdle event. She has been a...

Desertification leads to decrease in the ecosystem C pool and attendant reduction in Soil Organic Carbon (SOC). Reclamation of sandy land in arid and semi-arid has a high potential to increase carbon sequestration and improving soil quality. Our objective as to examine the changes in the soil carbon sequestration and soil properties of two soil layers (0–20 and 20-50 cm) under two types of recl...