How do the two most important fundamental constants of mathematics, e and π, find their way into an asymptotic formula for the product of integers? We give two very different arguments (one will not show the full formula) that, between them, illustrate a good number of basic asymptotic methods. The formal language of Asymptopia, such as o(n) and O(n), is deferred to Chapter 2. Two further argum...

This paper present a new readability formula for French as a foreign language (FFL), which relies on 46 textual features representative of the lexical, syntactic, and semantic levels as well as some of the specificities of the FFL context. We report comparisons between several techniques for feature selection and various learning algorithms. Our best model, based on support vector machines (SVM...

Effect of three language formula has been studied in this article. The author collected feedback from students about effect upper primary school. Throughout the article tried to collection through formation questionnaire. After based on feedbacks decided that was not played an important role among students.

This paper represents the author's attempt to come to grips with some of the practical problems that arise out of conventional algebraic manipulation and leads to a discussion of the possibilities of generalising algebraic concepts such as commutativity and associativity to other algebraic systems. An account is given of a class instance providing manipulation and simplification of 'school' alg...

The paper explores the relationship between tree languages definable in LTL, CTL, and ACTL, the fragment of CTL where only universal path quantification is allowed. The common fragment of LTL and ACTL is shown to be strictly smaller than the common fragment of LTL and CTL. Furthermore, an algorithm is presented for deciding if an LTL formula can be expressed in ACTL. This algorithm uses an effe...

We describe a data visualisation system which uses spreadsheets as its user interface metaphor. Similar systems implemented in the past were hampered by the contradiction between an imperative formula language and the declarative spreadsheet framework. We have analysed spreadsheets from a data visualisation point of view, and built a system that is an improvement over past efforts. Our prototyp...

Natural language makes considerable use of recurrent formulaic patterns of words. This article triangulates the construct of formula from corpus linguistic, psycholinguistic, and educational perspectives. It describes the corpus linguistic extraction of pedagogically useful formulaic sequences for academic speech and writing. It determines English as a second language (ESL) and English for acad...

We present a modal language that includes explicit operators to count the number of elements that a model might include in the extension of a formula, and we discuss how this logic has been previously investigated under different guises. We show that the language is related to graded modalities and to hybrid logics. We illustrate a possible application of the language to the treatment of plural...

We address the problem of representing common-sense knowledge about action domains in the formalism of default logic. We employ a methodology proposed by Gelfond and Lifschitz which involves rst deening a high-level language for representing knowledge about actions, and then specifying a translation from the high-level action language into a general-purpose formalism, such as default logic. Acc...

We study ideal languages generated by a single word. We provide an algorithm to construct a strongly connected synchronizing automaton for which such a language serves as the language of synchronizing words. Also we present a compact formula to calculate the syntactic complexity of this language.