Task-modality has been found to constrain the production of LREs in adults and children. However, there are no studies with young learners that have offered a comprehensive analysis LREs. To this end, paper will examine effect task-modality on features targeted them, as well their level engagement/elaboration during primary-school learners’ performance task containing both an oral written compo...

Numerous studies have investigated the prognosis value of the liver stiffness measurement (LSM) by transient elastography in assessing the risk of liver-related events (LREs) and all-cause mortality in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD). However, the shape of the dose-response relationship between them remains unclear. We searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and reference lists...

Private speech utilization is accepted to have a critical role in the continuum of language acquisition. As a valuable device in studying learners’ talk during interaction, a language related episode (LRE) is any part of a dialogue where a student speaks about a language problem s/he comes across while completing a task. The present study investigated the role of private speech produced by Inte...

BACKGROUND Because of the adverse environmental conditions present in less-resourced environments (LREs), the World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended that specialised wheelchair test methods may need to be developed to support product quality standards in these environments. A group of experts identified caster test methods as a high priority because of their common failure in LREs, and...

Today, learners’ interaction and collaborative task performance have attracted increasing attention from language teachers and researchers. The present study investigated whether collaborative pre-planning, task complexity manipulation, and language proficiency level play a role in learners’ interactions. To this end, 128 EFL learners from two different language proficiency levels carried out t...

Abstract In adult learners’ collaborative dialogue, oral+written tasks have been found to promote a greater incidence and resolution of language-related episodes demand higher levels accuracy than oral thanks the extra time learners reflect on their written outcome. No previous studies tested whether asking attend in both modalities would yield similar results. The present study with 23 dyads y...