We introduce a square root map on Sturmian words and study its properties. Given a Sturmian word of slope α, there exists exactly six minimal squares in its language (a minimal square does not have a square as a proper prefix). A Sturmian word s of slope α can be written as a product of these six minimal squares: s = X2 1X 2 2X 2 3 · · · . The square root of s is defined to be the word √ s = X1...

We consider in this paper rooted labeled directed graphs as models for semistructured data. A path inclusion constraint, in such graphs, is an expression p q where p and q are regular expressions over the alphabet of labels. An path inclusion constraint p q is satisfied by a rooted labeled directed graph if the set of nodes reached, from the root, by the words of the language described by p is ...

The word roots, bearing the traces of age formation languages and language families, are structures that were initially monosyllabic in all languages. Although meeting these with writing is at different conditions times for each language, utterances (root allomorph) occurred long before writing. In periods when linguistic productivity was limited, naming same information brought along root allo...

Abstract—The date of the root of the Indo-European language family received much attention due to the application of Bayesian phylogenetic methods since the beginning of the last decade. The inferred root date of the family moved along with the development of new methods and better data. In this paper, I compare two dating techniques known as node-dating and total evidence dating for the Indo-E...

Drivers of mining trucks are exposed to whole-body vibrations (WBV) and shocks during the various working cycles. These exposures have an adversely influence on the health, c...

Second Language System of Motivational Selves and English Language Skills: The Role of Socio-Economic Status among Iranian Language Learners1 A. Parastaar Aski* M.H. Abdollaahi, Ph.D.** A. R. Moraadi, Ph.D.*** H. R. Hassanaabaadi, Ph.D.****   Learning English in Iran is quite popular, yet not all are successful at this task. To shed light on this dilemma and its root causes, the ro...

In this paper, we investigate the document categorization task with statistical language models. Our study mainly focuses on categorization of documents in agglutinative languages. Due to the productive morphology of agglutinative languages, the number of word forms encountered in naturally occurring text is very large. From the language modeling perspective, a large vocabulary results in serio...

This paper presents particularly a contextual post processing subsystem for a Turkish machine printed character recognition system. The contextual post processing subsystem is based on positional binary 3gram statistics for Turkish language, an error corrector parser and a lexicon, which contains root words and the inflected forms of the root words. Error corrector parser is used for correcting...