This paper investigates different approximation techniques for planar beam column elements in force-basedmethods. The three fields, introduced in this review, are: curvature-based displacement interpolation CBDI used in matrix-based flexibility formulations, linear displacement approximation applied in state space, and higher-order displacement approximation utilized again in state space. Using...

The LHC cryodipoles are composed of an evacuated cryostat and a cold mass, which is cooled by superfluid helium at 1.9 K. To obey constraints imposed by beam dynamics the particle beams must be centered within the mechanical axis of the dipole with a sub-millimeter accuracy. This requires in turn that the relative displacements between the cryostat and the cold mass must be monitored with accur...

AbstractOptimization-based 3D object tracking is known to be precise and fast, but sensitive large inter-frame displacements. In this paper we propose a fast effective non-local method. Based on the observation that erroneous local minimum are mostly due out-of-plane rotation, hybrid approach combining optimizations for different parameters, resulting in efficient search 6D pose space. addition...