Background. Acupuncture is applied to treat numerous diseases in pediatric patients. Few reports have been published on the depth to which it is safe to insert needle acupoints in pediatric patients. We evaluated the depths to which acupuncture needles can be inserted safely in chest acupoints in pediatric patients and the variations in safe depth according to sex, age, body weight, and body ma...

It has been found that the response of acupuncture point on the human meridian line exhibits nonlinear dynamic behavior when excitation of electroacupuncture is implemented on another meridian point. This nonlinear phenomenon is in fact a hysteretic phenomenon. In order to explore the characteristic of human meridian and finally find a way to improve the treatment of diseases via electro-acupun...

The equine large intestine consists of the following segments (in aboral direction): the cecum, the large colon, and the small colon (Fig. 36-1). Although these segments form a continuum for the passage of digesta from the ileum to the anus, the three portions are considered to be separate structures, anatomically, functionally, and surgically. The large intestine of the horse is well developed...