PURPOSE We aimed to establish a laboratory prognostic index (LPI) in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients based on hematologic and biochemical parameters and to analyze the predictive value of LPI on NSCLC survival. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study retrospectively reviewed 462 patients with advanced NSCLC diagnosed between 2000 and 2010 in a single institution. We developed an L...

Roads are conspicuous components of landscapes and play a substantial role in defining landscape pattern. Previous studies have demonstrated the link between roads and their effects on ecological processes and landscape patterns. Less understood is the relationship between landscape patterns imposed by the network in relation to road network configuration, spatial heterogeneity etc. Our hypothe...

human activities induced changes in land cover/use have extensive impacts on the landscape. in recent years, these changes had an increasingly growth due to irrational use of the natural resources in iran. hence, considering the negative effects of the inappropriate use of land and land-use change, understanding of the landscape changes over time is necessary to planning and implementation of s...

BACKGROUND On-road vehicles are an important source of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in cities, but spatially varying traffic emissions and vulnerable populations make it difficult to assess impacts to inform policy and the public. METHODS We estimated PM2.5-attributable mortality and morbidity from on-road vehicle generated air pollution in the New York City (NYC) region using high-spatial...

The spatial and temporal characteristics and driving factors analysis of regional land use are the core scientific problems in the research of ecological environment and human sustainable development. It is also an important basis for the government to formulate land management policy. Based on the land use maps of 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015, this article analyzed the spatiotemporal pattern of l...

landscape metrics quantifies structural features of the landscape. one of the advantages of these metrics is a possibility to use them in fast cumulative assessment of the development activities in the environment. in this paper, the cumulative effects of road network expansion on the tree cover of gorgan, kordkuy, aliabad townships in golestan province were investigated. to prepare the require...

Landfill leachates are potential threats for environmental degradation. This study was conducted to determine the leachate quality, to identify the dominant pollutants and to evaluate the leachate pollution potential of an active and closed dumping ground of an uncontrolled municipal solid waste landfill site in Kolkata, India using leachate pollution index. The results of the physico-chemical ...

BACKGROUND The prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has increased steadily in recent years. Literature data show that about 35% of atherosclerotic events occur in the absence of classic risk factors, requiring a broader assessment of the individual to better characterize the risk. Lipid Tetrad Index (LTI) and Lipid Pentad Index (LPI) constitute a new and efficient evaluation of the lipid ...

Classified thematic maps based on remote sensing data are usually used to derive Landscape Pattern Index (LPI). However, the classification error can be propagated into the LPIs calculation, while it is usually ignored in the previous literatures. Correctly estimating the LPI error is vital for reliable landscape analysis; however, the widely accepted accuracy assessment method without consider...

objectives the main aim of this study was to assess the road emergency sites (recs) in iran. materials and methods provincial data were used for this purpose. concentration index, concentration curve, lorenz curve, and the gini coefficient were calculated to assess the distribution of recs. results the results of this study showed that the distribution of recs was in favor of provinces with hig...