Li andWang recently comparedgeoiddeterminationbyvariousgravimetricmethods formodifyingStokes' formula vs. usingGPS/levelling geoid heights as a reference model. Possible large systematic errors in the differences of gravimetric and GPS/levelling geoid models deteriorate the results and conclusions. Moreover, spectral combination, the only stochastic method in the study, was applied in an unreal...

Certain major ancient engineering constructions, such as aqueducts and qanats, testify to high accuracies in the computation of elevation differences obtained using primitive levelling instruments. Based on the typology of ancient levelling instruments and the analysis of certain key ancient structures such as the (Eupalinos) tunnel at Samos Island (Greece), it became possible to specify the ac...

Aerodynamic roughness length 0 ) and displacement height 0 ) are important surface parameters for estimating surface fluxes in numerical models. These parameters are generally determined from wind flow characteristics using logarithmic wind profiles measured at a meteorological tower or by balloon release. It would be an advantage to use measurements of land surface characteristics instead of w...

Laser scanning, including both the airborne and terrestrial laser scanning, is one of the most interesting and potential 3D data acquisition and monitoring techniques, which can support future studies of real estate and environmental economic. Vast data sets, even covering whole countries, challenge existing manners of proceeding. Existing laser data can be used for multidisciplinary tasks, suc...

Drumlins are glacially derived landforms that are prominent in the landscape over much of southern New England. We carried out a comprehensive ground-based survey in a three-town study area in eastern Massachusetts with the goals of establishing the extent to drumlins have been altered and assessing the associated environmental consequences and probable driving factors. Results show that many d...

The purpose was to investigate a possible levelling off in the obesity epidemic, by systematically reviewing literature and web-based sources. Eligible studies and data sources were required to have at least two measures of obesity prevalence since 1999. A literature and Internet search resulted in 52 studies from 25 different countries. The findings supported an overall levelling off of the ep...

Orthometric height is the generally adopted type of worldwide and in geomatics community. Precise levelling has been method obtaining orthometric past for most country, so as Nepal. However, due to wide usage Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), alternative approach combining GNSS derived ellipsoidal with geoid undulation get height, used extensively. In Nepal, this technique was official...