Based on the data of temperature changes revealed by means of various palaeothermometric proxy indices , it is found that the magnitude of temperature decrease became large with altitude in the equatorial regions during the Last Glacial Maximum. The direct cause of this phenomenon was the change in temperature lapse rate, which was about ( 0 . 1 ± 0 . 05) 't: / 100 m larger in the equator durin...

Quaternary glaciations and mostly last glacial maximum have shaped the contemporary distribution of many species in the Alps. However, in the Maritime and Ligurian Alps a more complex picture is suggested by the presence of many Tertiary paleoendemisms and by the divergence time between lineages in one endemic species predating the Late Pleistocene glaciation. The low number of endemic species ...

Equilibrium-line altitudes (ELAs) of former glaciers in the Zardkuh Mountain of the Zagros Mountain Range were reconstructed from glacial-geologic data on former ice limits by using various methods. In the study area various types of glacial landforms such as outwash fans, moraines and well developed glacial cirques are observed. The results suggest that ELA were depressed 1433 m below to prese...

[1] Four simulations with atmosphere-ocean climate models have been produced using identical Last Glacial Maximum ice sheets, topography and greenhouse gas concentrations. Compared to the pre-industrial, the diagnosed radiative feedback parameter ranges between 1.30 and 1.18 Wm K , the tropical ocean sea-surface temperature decreases between 1.7 and 2.7 C, and Antarctic surface air temperature ...

The gradient of air temperature with elevation (the temperature lapse rate) in the tropics is predicted to become less steep during the coming century as surface temperature rises, enhancing the threat of warming in high-mountain environments. However, the sensitivity of the lapse rate to climate change is uncertain because of poor constraints on high-elevation temperature during past climate s...

An earlier analysis of pore-water salinity (chlorinity) in two deep-sea cores, using terminal constraint methods of control theory, concluded that although a salinity amplification in the abyss was possible during the LGM, it was not required by the data. Here the same methodology is applied to δOw in the upper 100 m of four deep-sea cores. An ice volume amplification to the isotopic ratio is, ...

[1] Mineral aerosol impacts on climate through radiative forcing by natural dust sources are examined in the current, last glacial maximum, pre-industrial and doubled-carbon dioxide climate. Modeled globally averaged dust loadings change by +88%, +31% and 60% in the last glacial maximum, pre-industrial and future climates, respectively, relative to the current climate. Model results show global...