Abstract In this paper we test two versions of convergence hypothesis namely deterministic or conditional convergence and stochastic or catching up hypothesis using Carrion-i-Silvestre et al. (2005) stationary test. The results show Latin and South American countries (LSA) catching up process toward the USA failed in 1980s and somewhat in 1990s. But in 2000s most of them could lie in converge...

In high-income countries, social inequalities in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk are well-documented. Although Latin America has a rich history of theory and conceptual discussion regarding social inequalities in health, empirical research has been more limited. In this commentary we summarize recent empirical work on social inequalities in CVD risk in Latin America, and highlight key researc...

I f ever there were a good example of a problem calling for a regional solution and steady sustained leadership, Chagas disease is it. Chagas disease, or American trypanosomiasis, is a debilitating and deadly infection that afflicts rural communities throughout Latin America. The poorest people living in rural areas, particularly those with inadequate housing, are the most vulnerable. In the ea...

The treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) has become increasingly complex during the last 10 years, mainly because of the advent of new and more potent disease-modifying therapies (DMTs). In Latin America, the therapeutic repertoire available for MS treatment is similar to the one in the rest of the world, but the high costs of these drugs, in conjunction with the limited resources of the social...

the purpose of this article is to deal with causes and trends of china and latin america foreign policy in hu jintao era. before hu presidency, china had more tendency to promoting relations with the west, but during this period (hu’s era) third world countries like africa and latin america countries gained their precedent positions in china foreign policy. the main question raised here, is “wh...

Short tandem repeats (STRs) of the combined DNA index system (CODIS) are probably the most employed markers for human identification purposes. STR databases generated to interpret DNA profiles are also helpful for anthropological purposes. In this work, we report admixture, population structure, and genetic relationships of Mexican Mestizos with respect to Latin American and Caribbean populatio...

the community of latin american and caribbean states, celac, is among the biggest latin american :union:s in the region.  this :union:, which includes the american countries except for the united states and canada, has been created to create the vast grounds of political and economical cooperation in the region.  celac has been considered by political analysts as an influential factor in politi...

Latin America, the vast geopolitical region from Mexico to Cape Horn at the tip of South America, evokes images of the rain forests of the Amazon and snowcapped peaks of the Andes, ancient Incan and Mayan civilizations, Spanish and Portuguese colonialism, and iconic cities like Rio de Janeiro. Biological research in Latin America has traditionally focused on disciplines such as physiology, phar...

Scholars and policy makers have long debated the causes of the spectacular economic success achieved by the East Asian newly industrialisin g countries (NICs) as well as the lessons that other developing countries can learn from this development experience. Latin America started to industrialise many decades before the East Asian NICs and yet was quickly overtaken by them in the last few decade...

Given the emergence and reemergence of viral diseases, particularly in Latin America, we would like to provide an analysis of the patterns of research and publication on Oropouche virus (OROV). We also discuss the implications of recent epidemics in certain areas of South America, and how more clinical and epidemiological information regarding OROV is urgently needed.