[1] Surface structures on ’a’ā and blocky lavas reflect the internal flow dynamics during emplacement and also influence the dynamics of developing flows. To investigate the effects of brittle, clinkery ’a’ā flow crusts on flow dynamics and surface structures, we conducted sand and silicone laboratory experiments that simulated the advance of lava into a preexisting channelized flow with a surf...

[1] Lava flow mapping was conducted on a north-south transect of Olympus Mons using the European Space Agency’s Mars Express High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) image H0037. The HRSC image was coregistered to Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter, Thermal Emission Imaging System, and Mars Orbiter Camera data, enabling lava flow structures to be differentiated and mapped consistently across the shield. ...

This article describes our implementation in Answer Set Programming of a reasoning system that models the flow of lava in volcanic eruptions. Our system can be employed in the validation of evacuation plans. To demonstrate the feasibility of such approach, we adopt a simplified yet realistic model of how lava flows, and apply it to altitude data from the Etna volcano.

Introduction: The very high temperatures that have been reported for lavas on Io [e.g., 1-4] have proven to be difficult to explain [5,6]. Specifically, the estimates of lava temperatures ≥1600 °C require that the interior of Io either (1) have an extremely unusual chemistry or (2) be almost completely molten. Neither of these possibilities fits within our current understanding of the evolution...

[1] Amazonis Planitia, located between the two main volcanic provinces on Mars (Tharsis and Elysium), is characterized by extremely smooth topography at several scale lengths, as smooth as oceanic abyssal plains topography on Earth. We use Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) data (primarily very high resolution Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) topography and derivative slope maps, gradient maps, and ...

Improving lava flow hazard assessment is one of the most important and challenging fields of volcanology, and has an immediate and practical impact on society. Here, we present a methodology for the quantitative assessment of lava flow hazards based on a combination of field data, numerical simulations and probability analyses. With the extensive data available on historic eruptions of Mt. Etna...

During volcanic eruptions, measurements of the rate at which magma is erupted underpin hazard assessments. For eruptions dominated by the effusion of lava, estimates are often made using satellite data; here, in a case study at Mount Etna (Sicily), we make the first measurements based on terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), and we also include explosive products. During the study period (17–21 Jul...

[1] Using a time series of TerraSAR-X spaceborne radar images we have measured the pulsatory motion of an andesite lava flow over a 14-month period at Bagana Volcano, Papua New Guinea. Between October 2010 and December 2011, lava flowed continuously down the western flank of the volcano forming a 3 km-long blocky lava flow with a channel, levees, overflows and branches. We captured four success...

Introduction: The Cerberus region of Mars has numerous geologically recent fluvial and volcanic features superimposed spatially, with some of them using the same flow channels and apparent vent structures [1, 2]. Lava-water interaction landforms such as psuedocraters suggest some interaction of emplacing lava flows with underlying ground ice or water (e.g. [1, 3]). This study investigates a rel...