continued on page 4 All of these strategies are combined or integrated to manage turf in a healthy and vigorous state. No one strategy necessarily takes precedence over another. Like the pieces of a puzzle, all are critical to complete the entire picture of turfgrass management. An interesting way to view this concept is to visualize the management process as a pyramid. (See Figure 1). The base...

In suitable growing conditions, the grasses are one of the well lawn covering materials due to uniform in color and texture, soft and resilient, easy to take care of. In many areas, grasses can provide a surface that maintenance frees than paving. They can be walked on, sat on and used for many outdoor activities and sport activities such as; football, soccer, volleyball and related practices. ...

The biodiversity and climate crises are critical challenges of this century. Wildflower meadows in urban areas could provide important nature-based solutions, addressing the jointly benefitting society process. King's College Cambridge (England, UK) established a wildflower meadow over portion its iconic Back Lawn 2019, replacing fine lawn first laid 1772. We used surveys, Wilcoxon signed rank ...

New federal water quality regulations regarding impaired waters and urban stormwater, alongside a growing need to reverse eutrophication of urban lakes, are creating demand to decrease nutrient export from urban landscapes, particularly lawns. We propose that Nowak et al.’s (2006) disproportionality framework could be used to target specific households likely to generate disproportionate levels...

A low-cost field goniometer was constructed for multiangular reflectance measurements using a spectral radiometer. The goniometer consists of a circular base made of plywood approximately 4 m in diameter. A rotating arch carries a sled with the radiometer, which can be positioned at any angle relative to the test object at the center of the goniometer. Data from the radiometer are downloaded to...

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