Cross layering has recently emerged as a new trend to cope with performance issues of mobile ad hoc networks. The concept behind this technique is to exploit local information produced by other protocols, so as to enable optimizations and deliver better network performance. However, the need for a new interaction paradigm inside the protocol stack has to face with the legacy aspects of classica...

We have measured the adsorption isotherms of n-pentane, cyclohexane, tetrachloromethane, octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (OMCTS), and water on muscovite mica and silicon. An angle-averaging, refractive-index-matching ellipsometric technique has been used to avoid problems due to anisotropy and back-reflection in the case of mica. With OMCTS on mica layering effects like those found with simple gas...

In this paper, we propose Layered TCP (LTCP for short), a simple layering technique for the congestion window response of TCP to make it more scalable in highspeed, high RTT networks. LTCP is a two dimensional congestion control framework the macroscopic control uses the concept of layering to quickly and efficiently make use of the available bandwidth whereas microscopic control extends the ex...

The capacity of a communication network depends on the mode in which the network is operated. The operational mode is determined by the network protocols, which are in turn built within a layered architecture. In the recent years there has been an abundance of efforts to optimize the protocols in the wireless networks through a cross–layer design, which is an approach that goes beyond the appli...

Institutional arrangements used to steer public policies have increasingly become layered. Inspired by the literature on institutional layering and institutional work, this paper aims to make a contribution to our understanding of institutional layering. We do so by studying an interesting case of layering: the Dutch hospital sector. We focus on the actors responsible for the internal governanc...

Canopy structure, the vertical distribution of canopy material, is an important element of forest ecosystem dynamics and habitat preference. Although vertical stratification, or “canopy layering,” is a basic characterization of canopy structure for research and forest management, it is difficult to quantify at landscape scales. In this paper we describe canopy structure and develop methodologie...

Pelletization is an agglomeration process that converts fine powders or granules of bulk drugs and excipients into small, free flowing, spherical or semi-spherical units, referred to as pellets. This review outlines manufacturing of spherical pellets. The manufacturing techniques include Drug layering, Extrusion-Spheronization, Cryopelletization, Compression, Balling, Hot-Melt Extrusion Technol...

We present a detailed description of a theory solver for Linear Integer Arithmetic (LA(Z)) in a lazy SMT context. Rather than focusing on a single technique that guarantees theoretical completeness, the solver makes extensive use of layering and heuristics for combining different techniques in order to achieve good performance in practice. The viability of our approach is demonstrated by an emp...

In this paper, we propose Layered TCP (LTCP for short), a simple layering technique for the congestion window response of TCP to make it more scalable in highspeed networks. LTCP is a two dimensional congestion control framework the macroscopic control uses the concept of layering to quickly and efficiently make use of the available bandwidth whereas microscopic control extends the existing AIM...