Axillary lymph node involvement is an important prognostic factor for breast cancer survival but is confounded by the number of nodes examined. We compare the performance of the log odds prognostic index (Lpi), using a ratio of the positive versus negative lymph nodes, with the Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI) for short-term breast cancer specific disease free survival. A total of 1818 operabl...

The most significant impact of a landfill on the surrounding environment has been consistently identified as arising from the leachate (Farquhar 1989; CAE 1992; Mulvey 1997). Therefore, environmental monitoring programmes for landfills tend to focus on the detection of leachate impacts, particularly any contamination of ground and surface water (Lee and Jones 1991; DCC 1994). Conventional monit...

As a developing country, protecting groundwater resources is extremely essential in Sri Lanka. Landfills are one of the main sources of water pollution. The filling of the Gohagoda disposal yard, takes place at a distance about 50m from Gohagoda water intake plant. In addition, there is several boreholes located close proximity of the landfill, which used for drinking and domestic purposes. A s...

background: the municipal waste landfill sites have high a potential of contaminating the ‎ environment and having effects of the human health due to waste degradation, production of leachate, carbon dioxide and ‎ methane gases. the present study aims to evaluate the location of the solid waste landfill using gis and based on the oleckno index. assessment parameters included average annual rain...

The paper discusses the characteristics of leachate generated from municipal solid waste landfilling sites of Ludhiana City, Punjab (India). Leachate samples were collected and analyzed for various physico-chemical parameters to estimate its pollution potential. This study aims to serve as a reference for the implementation of the most suitable technique for reducing the negative environmental ...

Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) has been used to extract surface information as it can acquire highly accurate object shape characteristics using geo-registered 3D-points. Therefore, LiDAR can be used to effectively measure tree parameters in forested areas. In this research, we estimated the LAI (Leaf Area Index) for Pinus koraiensis, Larix leptolepis and Quercus spp. using LiDAR data. For...

The objective of this paper is to describe governing numerical equation and solution algorithm of pollution transport mechanisms and factors essential to include in developing relatively simple and practical tools to quantify pollution loss, advection, diffusion and sorption in pollution transport into the groundwater at landfill sites. This paper presents the development of a numerical model t...

Relationships between community composition of the iron-reducing Geobacteraceae, pollution levels, and the occurrence of biodegradation were established for an iron-reducing aquifer polluted with landfill leachate by using cultivation-independent Geobacteraceae 16S rRNA gene-targeting techniques. Numerical analysis of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profiles and sequencing reveal...