Left atrium dilates and hypertrophies in mitral stenosis cases. Occasionally left atrium reaches to extreme sizes. In giant left atrium cases, mitral stenosis may be the sole pathology or it may be accompanied by mitral insufficiency, or it may present as mixed mitral disease where mitral stenosis dominate. Transthoracic echocardiography is the easiest and cheapest method for the diagnosis and ...

right atrial dilation due to left heart disease is a common complication among adults. the present review aimed to describe a case of massively dilated right atrium in a female patient presenting with valvular heart disease and no atrial fibrillation. the results of chest x-ray revealed a large opacity filling the lower right hemithorax, falsely interpreted as a mediastinal mass. during the tra...

Anomalous Pulmonary venous connection is drainage of one or more pulmonary veins outside left atrium. Venous Connection most common on Left side upper vein drains directly into innominate to ultimately drain right Right Partial can be Superior Vena Cava, Atrium, Innominate rarely Inferior Cava.