BACKGROUND Leukoaraiosis is defined as extracellular space caused mainly by atherosclerotic or demyelinated changes in the brain tissue and is commonly found in the brains of healthy older people. A significant association between leukoaraiosis and traffic crashes was reported in our previous study; however, the reason for this is still unclear. METHOD This paper presents a comprehensive eval...

Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) is one of the routine hematologic parameters reported in the complete blood count test, which has been recognized as strong prognostic marker for various medical conditions, especially cardiovascular disease. We evaluated that RDW was also associated with the leukoaraiosis; common radiological finding of brain and that has been strongly associated with ri...

Leukoaraiosis is a common finding in stroke patients and has been strongly associated with risk of incident stroke and dementia. Leukoaraiosis may also be an independent predictor of stroke outcomes. There is increasing evidence from neuroimaging to support the concept that some leukoaraiosis is caused by white matter infarcts, which may be particularly frequent in patients with aggressive smal...

Leukoaraiosis is a common finding in stroke patients, and has been strongly associated with poor outcome of stroke. It showed hypodense on CT scans or hyperintense on T2-weighted MRI on periventricular or subcortical areas (semi-oval center). This article reviews the pathology, pathogenesis, clinical significance and treatment of leukoaraiosis. [Zhengrong Wu, Bo Song, Yuan Gao, Hui Fang, Yuming...

The effectiveness and benefit of intravenous (IV) thrombolysis using recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (r-tPA) within 4.5 hours for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) have been clearly demonstrated. However, early symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) remains the most serious complication after IV thrombolysis. Given the increasing number of patients eligible for IV thrombolysis, espe...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Although our previous study demonstrated that dementia of the Binswanger type may be a disconnection dementia caused by leukoaraiosis, some hypertensive patients with marked leukoaraiosis do not develop dementia. The goal of the present study is to elucidate the pathophysiology of nondemented hypertensive patients with leukoaraiosis. METHODS We performed clinical and ne...

Hypodense periventricular white-matter lesions detected by CT (leukoaraiosis) and high-intensity T2 signals detected by MR imaging were correlated with measurements of local cerebral blood flow (LCBF), cerebral atrophy, and cognitive performance. Subjects studied included elderly volunteers who were neurologically normal (n = 6), patients with chronic cerebral infarctions and intact cognition (...

In this study, we determine the effects of leukoaraiosis and lacunes on the clinical outcome and relative complications of acute ischemic stroke patients. From January 2007 to June 2008, 323 consecutive patients with acute brain infarction were prospectively studied. Leukoaraiosis was defined as moderate or severe white matter hyperintensities, and lacunes were counted as follows: none (0 lacun...

Background and Purpose—Homocysteine is an endothelial toxin and elevated levels have been associated with stroke risk. Stroke, particularly the small vessel disease (SVD) subtype, is increased in U.S. and UK black populations. In white populations elevated homocysteine has been associated with SVD, especially confluent leukoaraiosis, and may be acting through endothelial dysfunction. We determi...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Brain microvascular disease leads to leukoaraiosis and lacunar infarcts and contributes to risk of stroke and cognitive decline. Given a shared pathophysiology, retinal microvascular signs are expected to predict brain microvascular disease progression. We investigated if either leukoaraiosis volume progression measured continuously or combined with incident lacunar infar...