Multi-Supply voltage design using Cluster Voltage Scaling (CVS) is an effective way to reduce power consumption without performance degradation. One of the major issues in this method is performance and power overheads due to insertion of Level Converting Flip-Flops (LCFF) at the interface from low-supply to high-supply clusters to simultaneously perform latching and level conversion. In this p...

We demonstrate low-noise and efficient frequency conversion by sum-frequency mixing in a periodically poled LiNbO(3) (PPLN) waveguide. Using a 1556 nm pump, 1302 nm photons are efficiently converted to 709 nm photons. We obtain 70% conversion efficiency in the PPLN waveguide and >50% external conversion efficiency with 600 noise counts per second at peak conversion with continuous-wave pumping....

Speech processing related changes in the speech spectra may often lead to unwanted changes in the effective degree of voicing, which in turn may degrade the speech quality. This phenomenon is studied more closely in this paper, first on a theoretical level and then in the context of voice conversion. Moreover, a simple but efficient approach for avoiding the unwanted changes in the effective le...

This review focuses on the reactions and catalysts used for control of emissions of exhaust gases for gasoline-fueled automobiles with emphasis on fundamental understanding of the surface processes. Attention is paid to three-way catalysts, which simultaneously enhance the conversion of CO, hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides. The mechanisms of the CO oxidation and nitrogen oxide reactions, the s...

Two techniques for performing pixel level analog to digital conversion (ADC) are reviewed. The first is an oversampling technique which uses a one bit first order Ez modulator for each 2 x 2 block of pixels to directly convert photocharge to bits. Each modulator is implemented using 17 transistors. The second technique is a Nyquist rate multi—channel--bit—serial (MCBS) ADC. The technique uses s...

equatorial/axial conversion in piperidine and phosphorinane with different substituents wereinvestigated with great details. three possible routes, i.e. heteroatom inversion and two ring inversiontype were considered. ring conversion can occur via two pathways one starts with ring flatteningfrom the heteroatom site (nitrogen in piperidine and phosphorous in phosphorinane) and the otherinitiates...

Background: Stiff person syndrome (SPS) is a rare neurological disease resulting in stiffness and spasm of muscles. It initially affects the axial muscles and then spread to limb muscles. Emotional stress exacerbated the symptoms and signs of the disease. The pathophysiology of the disease is caused by the decreased level of the glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) activity due to an autoantibody ...

Man is a limited-distribution application and the place it occupies in the activities of the Commission's Translation Service (and other departments) is less clear-cut than is the case for other tools. Indeed, if we were starting from scratch, it is probable that we would not choose to invent an application incorporating such a miscellany of functions and steps are now being taken to remedy thi...