As the world moves toward greenhouse gas reduction, there is increasingly active work around Li-ion chemistry-based batteries as an energy source for electric vehicles (EVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and smart grids. In these applications, the battery management system (BMS) requires an accurate online estimation of the state of charge (SOC) in a battery pack. This estimation is difficul...

Cycle life often determines the commercial viability of a particular electrode chemistry or structure. The dramatic structural, crystallographic, and chemical changes that may occur in and around Li-ion battery electrodes can severely affect their cycle life. This provides a clear motive for developing an improved understanding of the nature of chemical and structural changes associated with el...

Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are now widely implemented as the power or energy source for everything from portable electronics to electric vehicles. The electrochemical charge storage in the batteries is intimately related to their material properties. This chapter gives an overview of the methods for characterizing battery materials, both ex situ and in situ in practical cells. An important ...

In this paper, we investigate distributed thermal-electrochemical modeling of a Lithium-Ion battery cell to include the effect of temperature distribution across the thickness of the cell as a first step to study the module level temperature distribution at high charging rates. Most recent works have focused on lumped thermal models for a Li-Ion cell which ignore any temperature differential ac...

This paper presents in situ characterization of lithium-ion diffusion at nano- to micro-meter scales in a Li-rich layered oxide thin film cathode under external bias by using Electrochemical Strain Microscopy (ESM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) techniques. The local variations of the diffusion coefficient are calculated and visualized from the ESM images. The results indicate that the Li-io...

Battery technology plays an important role in energy storage. In particular, lithium– ion (Li-ion) batteries are of great interest, because of their high capacity, long cycle life, and high energy and power density. However, for further improvements of Li-ion batteries, a deeper understanding of physical processes occurring within this type of battery, including transport, is needed. To provide...

The magnesium-metal battery, which consists of a cathode, a Mg-metal anode, and a nonaqueous electrolyte, is a safer and less expensive alternative to the popular Li-ion battery. However, the performance of Mg batteries is greatly limited by the low electrochemical oxidative stability of nonaqueous electrolytes, the slow Mg diffusion into the cathode, and the irreversibility of Mg striping and ...

In this study, two battery models for a high-power lithium ion (Li-Ion) cell were compared for their use in hybrid electric vehicle simulations in support of the U.S. Department of Energy’s Hybrid Electric Vehicle Program. Saft America developed the high-power Li-Ion cells as part of the U.S. Advanced Battery Consortium/U.S. Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles programs. Based on test d...