The paper explores N-hop FSO communications assisted by amplify-and-forward relays (AFRs) over N-gamma-gamma (N-gg) turbulence induced (TI) fading channels. We model TI signal as the product of independent but not necessarily identically distributed (i.n.i.d) N number gg random processes (RPs) in order to address AFR moderate strong conditions. closed form statistical measures such as: probabil...

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the surface properties and in vitro bioactivity to osteoblasts of magnesium and magnesium-hydroxyapatite coated titanium. MATERIALS AND METHODS Themagnesium (Mg) and magnesium-hydroxyapatite (Mg-HA) coatings on titanium (Ti) substrates were prepared by radio frequency (RF) and direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering.The samples were divided into ...

The effects of the production of two closely related cytokines, oncostatin M (OSM) and leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF), by astrocytoma cells were investigated using the stable cell line human U373-MG, which expressed and secreted both biologically active polypeptides. The expression of LIF by these cells caused resistance to this cytokine due to loss of the LIF receptor (LIFR), from the cell ...

The difference between Ti(III) and Ti(IV) significantly influences the electrodeposition process of Ti in fluoride melt. In this study, we investigated melt structure LiF-KF with addition TiO 2 for both bulk titanium (Ti 0 ) by combining high-temperature Raman spectroscopic technique density functional theory calculations. spectra were characterized three kinds coordination structures: polyatom...

ABSTRACT- Titanium is a beneficial element for plant since its promotive effect on plant metabolism has been well documented. However, the physiological role of this trace element in tomato is not clear. This experiment was conducted as a complete randomized design to study two concentrations of titanium (1 and 2 mg/L Ti) and 0 as control on physiological and nutrient properties of tomato cv. F...

The 3D morphological evolution of titanium foams as they undergo a two-step fabrication process is quantitatively characterized through x-ray microand nano-tomography. In the first process step, a Cu–Ti–Cr–Zr prealloy is immersed in liquid Mg, where Cu is alloyed with Mg while a skeleton of crystalline Ti–Cr–Zr is created. In the second step, the Mg–Cu phase is etched in acid, leaving a Ti–Cr–Z...