Toll-like receptors (TLRs) act as the first line of defense against bacterial and viral pathogens by initiating critical defense signals upon dimer activation. The contribution of the transmembrane domain in the dimerization and signaling process has heretofore been overlooked in favor of the extracellular and intracellular domains. As mounting evidence suggests that the transmembrane domain is...

male breast cancer is a rare disease with an increasing trend. due to limited information especially about the genetic basis of the disease in iran and the lower age of its onset, the disease requires more attention. the aim of this study was to screen the male patients with breast cancer for brca mutations as well as tissue markers of estrogen receptor (er), progesterone receptor (pr), human e...

A recent report suggested that brain-derived serotonin (5-HT) is critical for maintaining weight loss induced by glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor activation in rats and that 5-HT2A receptors mediate the feeding suppression and weight loss induced by GLP-1 receptor activation. Here, we show that changes in daily food intake and body weight induced by intraperitoneal administration of lir...

the insulin-like growth factor i receptor (igf-ir) plays an essential role in the establishment and maintenance of transformed phenotype. interference with the igf-ir pathway by antisense causes reversal of the transformed phenotype in many rodent and human tumor cell lines. we stably transfected the pc-3 human prostate cancer cell line with an igf-ir antisense rna expression plasmid. the numbe...

background: the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease is complex and multifactorial. studies have led to the current concept that toll-like receptors represent key mediators of innate host defense in the intestine, and they are involved in maintaining mucosal as well as commensal homeostasis. we studied the possibility of simvastatin and antagonist of receptors of interleukin-1 for pharmac...