BACKGROUND Snus is a smokeless oral tobacco product with a significant history of use in Sweden, where it is regulated under food legislation. Users place a small porous sachet or a pinch of loose snus between the upper jaw and cheek for approximately one hour, leading to partial intake of tobacco constituents. To understand user exposure to tobacco, a multi-analyte approach based on the extrac...

Bergamot essential oil (BEO) is the result of mechanical manipulation (cold pressing) exocarp (flavedo) hesperidium Citruslimon (L.) Osbeck Group (synonym Citrus × bergamia Risso & Poit.), resulting in bursting cavities embedded flavedo and release their contents. It chemically dominated by monoterpene hydrocarbons (i.e., limonene), but with significant percentages oxygenated monoterpenes l...

In the present paper, we report the antimicrobial efficacy of three monoterpenes [linalyl acetate, (+)menthol, and thymol] against the gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus and the gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli. For a better understanding of their mechanisms of action, the capability of these three monoterpenes to damage biomembranes was evaluated by monitoring the release, f...

Higher-quality Touriga Nacional (TN) wines are characterized by a fruity-citric aroma described as sweet and fresh citrus evoking the bergamot fruit (Citrus bergamia). In fact, "bergamot-like" descriptor is currently employed to rate higher quality TN wines. The aim of this work was to identify among volatile compounds present in bergamot fruit extracts (mainly terpenes) which of them contribut...

Compositions of true lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) and spike lavender (Lavandula latifolia) essential oils, cultivated and extracted in the Southeast of Spain, were determined by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry detection, obtaining both relative (peak area) and absolute (using standard curves) concentrations. Linalool (37-54 %), linalyl acetate (21-36 %) and (E)-β-caryophy...

     Callus and suspension cultures of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. (Lamiaceae) were established and the effect of different culture media on growth rate was investigated. Terpenoids added to suspension culture to investigate their biotrans-formation. All samples were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectroscopy (MS). Octan-1-ol, citronellol, linalool, borneol and geran...

Enzymes from Salvia officinalis and Tanacetum vulgare leaf epidermis catalyze the conversion of the acyclic precursor geranyl pyrophosphate to the cyclic monoterpenes (+)- and (-)-bornyl pyrophosphate, respectively. The antipodal cyclizations are considered to proceed by the initial isomerization of the substrate to the respective bound tertiary allylic intermediates (-)-(3R)- and (+)-(3S)-lina...

chemical constituents of the essential oil of flowers of lavandula officinalis chaix. growing in isfahan, iran, were studied by tlc and gas chromatography-mass specrtometery (gc-ms) methods. twelve components which constitute 94.8% of the examined oil were identified. the main constituents were linalool (34.1%), 1,8-cineole (18.5%), borneol (14.5%), camphor (10.2%), terpinen-4-ol (4.5%), linaly...

GC-MS analysis identified forty seven and fourteen components in oils extracted using HD and in the volatile fractions extracted using HSE, respectively. eudesm-7(11) en-4-ol (28.46%), α-terpinyl acetate (12%), germacrene D-4-ol(7.3%), 1,8-cineole (6.22%), δ-cadinene (6.49%), bicyclogermacrene (5.20%) and α-cadinol (5.06%) were recorded as the main components of the essential oil and The major ...