Classification of line-of-sight (LOS) or non-LOS (NLOS) propagation is critical for most pulsed ultrawideband localisation systems. In this letter, first, the authors propose a two-dimensional (2D) LOS/NLOS classification scheme that uses skewness of the channel impulse/pulse response, which has not been used by existing work. The log-likelihood ratio of the 2D LOS/NLOS classification is used t...

Underwater optical wireless communication (UOWC) systems have been widely studied to achieve high-speed communications. To investigate and design UOWC systems, a mathematical model characterize the accurate performance of is important. However, previous models limitations, which mainly focused on line-of-sight (LOS) link, only considered vertical incident background light or filters with consta...

We here present a general and tractable model for line-of-sight (LOS) scenarios, which is based on the product of two independent and non-identically distributed κ-μ shadowed random variables. Simple closed-form expressions for the probability density function, cumulative distribution function and moment-generating function are derived, which are as tractable as the corresponding expressions de...

In this paper, the product of two α-k-μ random variables is analyzed. The closed form expressions for average level crossing rate (LCR) of product of two α-k-μ random variables are determined. These expressions are used for calculation of average level crossing rate of wireless communication systems operating over α-k-μ multipath fading channels. The α-k-μ distribution can be used to describe s...

Abstract In this paper, I regard the Sun-as-a-star magnetic field (i.e., mean field) as a filter for spherical harmonic components of photospheric field, and then calculate transmission coefficients filter. The each harmonic, Y l m , are listed in three tables according to their dependence on B 0 observer’s latitude star’s polar coordinate system. These used interpret 46 yr sequence daily mean-...

determination of mobile localization with time of arrival (toa) signal is a requirement in cellular mobile communication. in some of the previous methods, localization with non-line-of-sight (nlos) paths can lead to large position error. also for simplicity, in most simulations suppose non stationary actual environments as stationary. this paper proposes (residual test + recursive least square)...