Correlations in coalescence times between two loci are derived under selectively neutral population models in which the offspring of an individual can number on the order of the population size. The correlations depend on the rates of recombination and random drift and are shown to be functions of the parameters controlling the size and frequency of these large reproduction events. Since a pred...

1. Abstract 2. Introduction 3. Models and methods 3.1. Haplotype block characterization 3.2. Measure of haplotype block LD 3.3. Test statistic and power calculation 3.4. Population genetic model of haplotype block 4. Results 4.1. Haplotype block LD measure 4.2. Power of the haplotype block LD mapping 4.3. Mapping 5. Discussion 6. Appendix 6.1. Appendix A 6.2. Appendix B 6.3. Appendix C 7. Refer...

We illustrate how homozygosity of haplotypes can be used to measure the level of disequilibrium between two or more markers. An excess of either homozygosity or heterozygosity signals a departure from the gametic phase equilibrium: We describe the specific form of dependence that is associated with high (low) homozygosity and derive various linkage disequilibrium measures. They feature a clear ...

The frequently reported amino acid covariation of the highly polymorphic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) exterior envelope glycoprotein V3 region has been assumed to reflect fitness epistasis between residues. However, nonrandom association of amino acids, or linkage disequilibrium, has many possible causes, including population subdivision. If the amino acids at a set of sequence s...

The Raleigh, North Carolina, population of Drosophila melanogaster was examined for linkage disequilibrium in 1974, several years after previous analyses in 1968, 1969, and 1970. alphaglycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase-1 (alphaGpdh-1), malate dehydrogenase-1 (Mdh-1), alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh), and hexokinase-C (Hex-C, tentative name, F. M. Johnson, unpublished; position determined by the pres...

In some populations of the salamander Plethodon cinereus, two polymorphic esterase loci are in linkage disequilibrium. Short-term stability of the linkage disequilibrium is demonstrated by an age class analysis. Long, perhaps very long, term stability is suggested by its distribution. This stability and concordant geographic variation in allelic frequencies imply selective origin and maintenanc...

The sampling distributions of several statistics that measure the association of alleles on gametes (linkage disequilibrium) are estimated under a two-locus neutral infinite allele model using an efficient Monte Carlo method. An often used approximation for the mean squared linkage disequilibrium is shown to be inaccurate unless the proper statistical conditioning is used. The joint distributio...