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in recent decades, foreign direct investment (fdi) has played a vital role in economic growth of developed and developing countries. fdi brings new capital and technology to the host country beside a possibility of spillover to local firms. hence, fdi is considered as an important channel of technology transfer. however, in empirical studies, the size and direction of effects of fdi on producti...

Research shows that children experience a smoother transition into elementary school when there is coordination among schools, early childhood education programs, and families. The Early Childhood Community School Linkages Project (the Linkages project) supported three regions with a strong community school platform to improve the quality and continuity of practice across community school and e...

We analytically characterize the aggregate productivity loss from distortions in presence of sectoral production linkages and show key role input substitutability. analyze various forces behind non-monotonic effect substitutability on loss. then use second-order approximation to find that for moderate distortions, low reduces intermediate-input suppliers. Moreover, when elasticity substitution ...