pH-sensitive drug carriers that are sensitive to the acidic (pH = ~6.5) microenvironments of tumor tissues have been primarily used as effective drug/gene/siRNA/microRNA carriers for releasing their payloads to tumor cells/tissues. Resistance to various drugs has become a big hurdle in systemic chemotherapy in cancer. Therefore delivery of chemotherapeutic agents and siRNA's targeting anti apop...

In the absence of any ideal gene delivery carrier despite the recent explosion of novel carrier systems, the current trend is to explore the complementary synergy promised by a combination of delivery systems such as liposomes, which are the most widely researched versatile non-viral carriers, and tissue-engineered scaffolds with macrostructures of defined architecture comprised of natural or s...

Growing attention has been given to the potential of a pulmonary route as a non-invasive administration for systemic delivery of therapeutic agents (mainly peptides and proteins). The lungs provide a large absorptive surface area, extremely thin absorptive mucosal membrane, and good blood supply. The non-invasive nature of this pathway makes it especially valuable for the delivery of large mole...

Murine fibrosarcoma tumors arising from subcutaneous inoculation of FSa-N cells exhibit 4-fold higher tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) levels than those from the FSa-R line. These solid tumors were used to assess the role of TAMs in the accumulation of liposomal anticancer drugs. Two liposomal formulations of doxorubicin were investigated: a conventional formulation composed of distearoylphosp...

Photodynamic therapy is a clinically approved treatment for cancer and noncancer diseases. This modality utilises light-activatable chemicals (photosensitising agents) to capture photons and use light energy for the production of cytotoxic reactive molecular species. Most photosensitisers that are in use clinically or in preclinical development are hydrophobic and tend to aggregate in the aqueo...

Liposomes not only offer the ability to enhance drug delivery, but can effectively act as vaccine delivery systems and adjuvants. Their flexibility in size, charge, bilayer rigidity and composition allow for targeted antigen delivery via a range of administration routes. In the development of liposomal adjuvants, the type of immune response promoted has been linked to their physico-chemical cha...

The adequate amount of drug delivery to the brain in neurological patients is a major problem faced by the physicians. Recent studies suggested that intranasal administration of liposomal formulation may improve the drug delivery to the brain. In the present study, an attempt was made to study the brain bioavailability of commonly used anti-Alzheimer drug donepezil (DNP) liposomal formulation b...