The İzmit Basin has developed under the control of North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ). The basin is morphologically located in a plain between the Kocaeli Peneplane in the north and the Samanlıdağ Highlands in the south. NAFZ covering the study area in east west direction affects the region. Layers of sand and silty sand deposits are widespread in the alluvial basin. The groundwater level is con...

One of the main risks in low-densified sandy soils with presence water and an external force such as earthquake is generation liquefaction. The influence several types reinforcement on liquefaction resistance, polypropylene fibers, geofibers, cement fibers shown this study. Cyclic stress-controlled triaxial tests cyclic strain-controlled were performed saturated samples without reinforcements u...

Soil liquefaction is the phenomenon of temporary loss of shear of saturated cohesionless soil under the influence of vibrations caused by earthquakes. The extensive loss of lives and civil infrastructure system like buildings, bridges, highways etc. caused by liquefaction emphasize the need for strong and reliable methods for evaluating the liquefaction potential of sites. Simplified techniques...

the prediction of liquefaction potential of soil due to an earthquake is an essential task in civil engineering. the decision tree is a tree structure consisting of internal and terminal nodes which process the data to ultimately yield a classification. c4.5 is a known algorithm widely used to design decision trees. in this algorithm, a pruning process is carried out to solve the problem of the...

Strain wedge (SW) model formulation has been used, in previous work, to evaluate the response of a single pile or a group of piles (including its pile cap) in layered soils to lateral loading. The SW model approach provides appropriate prediction for the behavior of an isolated pile and pile group under lateral static loading in layered soil (sand and/or clay). The SW model analysis covers the ...

This study describes a general liquefaction flow instability criterion for elastoplastic soils based on the concept of loss of uniqueness. We apply the criterion to the general case of axisymmetric loading and invoke the concepts of effective stresses and loss of controllability to arrive at a general criterion for the onset of liquefaction flow. The criterion is used in conjunction with an ela...

During transportation, there will be vaporization of LNG producing boil-off gas (BOG) and its re-liquefaction is required considering that large volume of BOG to be vented out. A cryogenic refrigeration cycle is utilized in order to re-liquefy the BOG and returns it to the cargo tank. Kapitza and claude are the usually used LNG re-liquefaction cycles. The developments in the processes adopted f...

Torrefaction is an effective pretreatment method to improve the uniformity and quality of lignocellolosic biomass before further thermal processing (e.g., gasification, combustion). The objective of this study was to determine the impacts of torrefaction as a pretreatment before liquefaction. Wood chips were torrefied for 2 h at three different temperatures (230, 260, 290 °C) and then subjected...

The microwave liquefaction kinetics of corn stover in the presence of ethylene glycol (EG) using sulfuric acid as a catalyst was studied. The liquefaction apparent rate constant (k) was examined using a first-order reaction model. The k values of corn stover increased from 0.080 min -1 to 0.165 min -1 , with the reaction temperature increasing from 120 o C to 180 o C. The k value of cellulose a...