This paper provides a binary, token-based classification of German particle verbs (PVs) into literal vs. non-literal usage. A random forest improving standard features (e.g., bagof-words; affective ratings) with PV-specific information and abstraction over common nouns significantly outperforms the majority baseline. In addition, PV-specific classification experiments demonstrate the role of sh...

A boolean formula in conjunctive normal form (CNF) F is refuted by literal–once resolution if the empty clause is inferred from F by resolving on each literal of F at most once. Literal–once resolution refutations can be found nondeterministically in polynomial time, though this restricted system is not complete. We show that despite of the weakness of literal–once resolution, the recognition o...

The present study examined the role of the left (LH) and right (RH) cerebral hemispheres in processing alternative meanings of idiomatic sentences. We conducted two experiments using ambiguous idioms with plausible literal interpretations as stimuli. In the first experiment we tested hemispheric differences in accessing either the literal or the idiomatic meaning of idioms for targets presented...

In automatic speech recognition (ASR) enabled applications for medical dictations, corpora of literal transcriptions of speech are critical for training both speaker independent and speaker adapted acoustic models. Obtaining these transcriptions is both costly and time consuming. Non-literal transcriptions, on the other hand, are easy to obtain because they are generated in the normal course of...

Multiword expressions can have both idiomatic and literal occurrences. Distinguishing these two cases is considered one of the major challenges in MWE processing. We suggest that literal readings should be considered in both semantic and syntactic terms, which motivates their study in a treebank. We propose heuristics to automatically pre-identify candidate sentences that might contain literal ...