[1] We provide new insights into the lithosphere-mantle coupling problem through a joint modeling of lithosphere dynamics and mantle convection and through comparison of model results with the high resolution velocity gradient tensor model along the Earth’s plate boundary zones. Using a laterally variable effective viscosity lithosphere model, we compute depth integrated deviatoric stresses ass...

[1] Sp and Ps converted seismic waves at 93 permanent seismic stations are used to image upper mantle velocity discontinuities across the contiguous United States and portions of southeast Canada and northwest Mexico. Receiver functions are calculated with frequency‐ domain deconvolution and migrated with 1D models that account for variations in crustal structure and mantle velocities between s...

Long records of teleseismic observations accumulated at permanent seismic stations Harvard, MA; Palisades, NY; and Standing Stone, PA, in eastern North America are inverted for vertical distribution of anisotropic parameters. High-resolution anisotropy-aware P wave receiver function analysis and multiple-layer core-refracted SKS waveform modeling favor more than one layer of anisotropy beneath ...

Komatiites (ultramafic volcanic rocks) are common among Archean terrains, but rare or absent among rocks< 2.8 Ga old, which implies that the Archean upper mantle was fundamentally different from the modem one. The magma( s) parental to a certain group of lunar samples appear to have formed by exceptionally high-degree partial melting, like the magmas parental to komatiites: The Mg-rich suite of...

During the roughly year-long Seismic Wave Exploration in the Lower Lithosphere (SWELL) pilot experiment in 1997/1998, eight ocean bottom instruments deployed to the southwest of the Hawaiian Islands recorded teleseismic Rayleigh waves with periods between 15 and 70 s. Such data are capable of resolving structural variations in the oceanic lithosphere and upper asthenosphere and therefore help u...

The convection of matter in the Earth's upper mantle is considered, which Oberbeck–Boussinesq approximation due to thermogravitational differentiation. Within framework this approximation, a 2-D numerical simulation convective flows medium was performed. equation for temperature follows from entropy balance relation, where, taking into account variable viscosity system, there an effect energy d...

We review both present and past motions at major plate boundaries, which have the horizontal component in average 10 to 100 times faster (10–100 mm/yr) than the vertical component (0.01–1 mm/yr) in all geodynamic settings. The steady faster horizontal velocity of the lithosphere with respect to the upward or downward velocities at plate 5 boundaries supports dominating tangential forces acting ...