This article is a systematic review of the literature on utilization of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone antagonists (GnRH-ant) for ovarian stimulation for IVF in special patient groups. Summarized by meta-analysis are the data from randomized controlled trials (RCT) in which GnRH-agonist (GnRH-a) and GnRH-ant were compared (eight RCT for poor response, four RCT for PCOS). Also reviewed are the ...

BACKGROUND Oocyte retrieval failure following an ovarian hyperstimulation protocol is uncommon in assisted reproductive technology (ART) programs. We analyzed the predictive factors for oocyte retrieval failure following controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist and GnRH antagonist protocols in ART programs. METHODS This study was a retrospec...

We evaluated long-term administration of estrogen after cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CA/CPR) on neurohistopathological and behavioral outcome. We also examined the effect of estrogen receptor (ER) stimulation using ER-alpha agonist propyl pyrazole triol (PPT) and ER-beta agonist diarylpropionitrile (DPN) on neuronal survival after CA/CPR to determine whether possible neurop...

BACKGROUND Premature luteinization during in vitro fertilization was commonly happened before the introduction of GnRh analogues. High level of unwanted progesterone is associated with adverse pregnancy outcome and is thought to be induced by inappropriate LH elevation. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the progesterone level on the day of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) triggering in GnRh agonist and...

background: microdose flare-up gnrh agonist and gnrh antagonist have become more popular in the management of poor ovarian responders (por) in recent years; however, the optimal protocol for por patients undergoing in vitro fertilization has still been a challenge. methods: in this observational study design, two hundred forty four poor ovarian responders were retrospectively evaluated for thei...

BACKGROUND Blood flow in the corpus luteum (CL) is closely related to luteal function. It is unclear how luteal blood flow is regulated. Standardized ovarian-stimulation protocol with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa long protocol) causes luteal phase defect because it drastically suppresses serum LH levels. Examining luteal blood flow in the patient undergoing GnRHa long protoco...

Aim of the Work: To compare 2 stimulation protocols, mini-dose long gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist versus agonist flare for in vitro fertilization poor responders. Design: Prospective comparative nonrandomized clinical trial. Setting: Kasr Al Ainy IVF center, Cairo University Teaching Hospital from February 2013 to July 2013 on 50 women undergoing IVF/ICSI fulfilling the criteria...

BACKGROUND Determination of oocyte fertilization and embryo quality are one of the most important purposes in ART cycles. Follicular fluid provides an important microenvironment for development of oocytes and some biochemical characteristics of the follicular fluid, such as pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), may play an important role in prediction of success rate of ART. OBJECTI...