multilayer bach propagation neural networks have been considered by researchers. despite their outstanding success in managing contact between input and output, they have had several drawbacks. for example the time needed for the training of these neural networks is long, and some times not to be teachable. the reason for this long time of teaching is due to the selection unsuitable network par...

Most of the state-of-the-art sentiment classification methods are based on supervised learning algorithms which require large amounts of manually labeled data. However, the labeled resources are usually imbalanced in different languages. Cross-lingual sentiment classification tackles the problem by adapting the sentiment resources in a resource-rich language to resource-poor languages. In this ...

Adult mammalian brains are capable of some structural plasticity. Although the basic cellular mechanisms underlying learning and memory are being revealed, extrinsic factors contributing to this plasticity remain unspecified. White-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) are particularly well suited to investigate brain plasticity because they show marked seasonal changes in structure and function of...

The ability to maximize reward and avoid punishment is essential for animal survival. Reinforcement learning (RL) refers to the algorithms used by biological or artificial systems to learn how to maximize reward or avoid negative outcomes based on past experiences. While RL is also important in machine learning, the types of mechanistic constraints encountered by biological machinery might be d...

Epidemiological studies suggest that vitamin D insufficiency may be prevalent in young as well as older populations. The pleiotropic effects of vitamin D are now beyond dispute and a growing number of studies provide accumulating evidence of a role for vitamin D in brain development and function. A number of studies to date have investigated the effects of early-life vitamin D deprivation on ad...

Most of the studies on the key word method of second/foreign language vocabulary learning have been based on the evidence from laboratory experiments and have primarily involved the use of English key words to learn the vocabularies of other languages. Furthermore, comparatively quite limited number of such studies is done in authentic classroom contexts. The present study inquired into the eff...

abstract: introduction: nitric oxide (no) is a retrograde messenger in hippocampal synaptic plasticity which involves in learning and memory processes. previous studies revealed that hippocampal pyramidal cells contain no synthase (nos) enzyme which produce no and could be a promising target to evaluate the role of no in brain cognitive functions. so in this study, using nos inhibitor (l-name),...