Hippocampal shrinkage is a commonly found neuroanatomical change in stress-related mood disorders such as depression and post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSD). Since the onset and severity of these disorders have been found to be closely related to stressful life events, and as stress alone has been shown to reduce hippocampal volume in animal studies, vulnerability to mood disorders may be re...

Dynamic instability, the stochastic switching between growth and shrinkage, is essential for microtubule function. This behavior is driven by GTP hydrolysis in the microtubule lattice and is inhibited by anticancer agents like Taxol. We provide insight into the mechanism of dynamic instability, based on high-resolution cryo-EM structures (4.7-5.6 Å) of dynamic microtubules and microtubules stab...

PURPOSE To investigate dendritic changes of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and the rate of dendritic shrinkage after retinal ischemia induced by acute elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP). METHODS After elevating the IOP to 110 mm Hg for 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes, a confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope (CSLO) was used to serially image the retinas of the Thy-1 YFP transgenic mice in viv...

BACKGROUND Capsular shrinkage is an arthroscopic stabilization technique that can be used in patients with chronic ankle instability (CAI), if desired in addition to primary arthroscopic procedures. Despite positive short-term results, long-term follow-up of these patients has not yet been performed. Therefore, our objective was to assess whether capsular shrinkage still provided functional out...

Background and Aim: Minimizing the polymerization shrinkage of composite resins is a critical goals in composite restorations. Many factors affect polymerization shrinkage. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of composite resin shade on polymerization shrinkage. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, 14 composite discs measuring 1.5×8 mm were fabricated. The samples were prepared u...

In the context of ridge regression, the estimation of ridge (shrinkage) parameter plays an important role in analyzing data. Many efforts have been put to develop skills and methods of computing shrinkage estimators for different full-parametric ridge regression approaches, using eigenvalues. However, the estimation of shrinkage parameter is neglected for semiparametric regression models. The m...

objective: potato is the fourth important food crop after wheat, rice and maize. shrinkage  of  food  materials  has  a negative  consequence  on  the  quality  of  the dehydrated product. the main objective pursued in this paper is to investigate the shrinkage amount of potato slices during drying process using vacuum-infrared method. methods: in this work, the effect of the infrared radiation...