The excretion rates of the C19-mineralcorticoids, 16beta-hydroxy-DHEA and 16-oxo-androstenediol, were measured in subjects with low-renin essential hypertension and toxemia of pregnancy. C19-mineralocorticoid excretion in low-renin essential hypertension ranged from 70-790 microgram per day. No significant difference in 16beta-hydroxy-DHEA and 16-oxo-androstenediol excretion was found between t...

To assess the contribution of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and renal hemodynamics to acute renal sodium handling in essential hypertension we studied 21 subjects who had essential hypertension (16 with normal renin, 5 with low renin) and 9 normal subjects. All were in balance on a 10 mEq sodium intake before receiving a small sodium load, 60 mEq intravenously over 1 hour. Hypertensi...

A dopaminergic mechanism has been proposed to suppress aldosterone secretion. To assess the possibility that a defect in the dopaminergic mechanism might enhance aldosterone secretion in hypertensive patients, we determined basal and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-stimulated plasma aldosterone (PA), cortisol, renin activity, and potassium concentrations before and during dopamine receptor s...

Urinary kallikrein excretion was measured before and after administration of spironolactone in 12 patients with essential hypertension (including 7 patients with low renin and 5 patients with normal renin) and 6 patients with primary aldosteronism. In low renin essential hypertension, two types of urinary kallikrein excretion were observed. In one type, urinary kallikrein decreased from 6.2+/-2...

1. Haemodynamic and renin responses to dynamic exercise before and after intravenous beta-adrenoreceptor blockade with propranolol were compared in twenty-one patients with essential hypertension and either high (n = 7), normal (n = 7) or low plasma renin activity (n = 7). 2. Renin and heart-rate responses to exercise and beta-receptor blockade diminished from high-renin to normal and to low-re...

Study of general haemodynamics in 15 patients with low-renin essential hypertension showed haemodynamic and pathophysiological heterogeneity. However, there was suppression of sympathetic nervous system function in all low-renin patients, regardless of haemodynamic pattern. Subnormal sympathetic nervous activity was manifested by a low normal mean plasma-noradrenaline concentration at rest, dim...

The transgenic rat TGR(mRen-2)27, in which the Ren-2 mouse renin gene is transfected into the genome of the rat, develops severe hypertension with high adrenal renin and low kidney renin. These animals express both mouse and rat renin. To investigate the cause of hypertension in the TGR rat, we compared the kinetics of mouse renin acting on mouse and rat angiotensinogens. The optimum pH of the ...

Resistant hypertension is a major opportunity for prevention of cardiovascular disease. Despite widespread dissemination of consensus guidelines, most patients are uncontrolled with approaches that assume that all patients are the same. Causes of resistant hypertension include 1) non-compliance 2) consumption of substances that aggravate hypertension (such as salt, alcohol, nonsteroidal anti-in...