BACKGROUND Volume-controlled ventilation has been suggested to optimize lung deposition during nebulization although promoting spontaneous ventilation is targeted to avoid ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction. Comparing topographic aerosol lung deposition during volume-controlled ventilation and spontaneous ventilation in pressure support has never been performed. The aim of this study ...

Ventilation needs to be individualized for the underlying • lung pathology. Ventilation is a modifiable risk factor for acute lung injury. • Protective lung ventilation is a combination of small tidal • volumes, low peak and plateau pressures, routine PEEP and permissive hypercapnea. Hypoxia during one-lung ventilation is rare and often sec• ondary to alveolar de-recruitment in the face of hypo...

Isolated brainstem preparations from larval (tadpole) and adult Rana catesbeiana were used to examine inhibitory mechanisms for developmental regulation of the respiratory central pattern generator (CPG). Preparations were superfused at 20-22 degrees C with Cl(-)-free artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) or with aCSF containing agonists/antagonists of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) or glycine ...

The last decade has seen increased appreciation of ventilator-induced lung injury. The understanding that the process of mechanical ventilation can itself damage lungs has spurned the search for ventilation strategies that are more lung protective. High-frequency oscillatory ventilation is a mode of high-frequency ventilation that may accomplish all of the current goals of lung protection. Hist...

Mechanical ventilation is a crucial component of the supportive care provided to patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Current practice stipulates the use of a low tidal volume (VT) of 6 ml/kg ideal body weight, the presumptive notion being that this limits overdistension of the tissues and thus reduces volutrauma. We have recently found, however, that airway pressure release venti...

Obesity impairs peri-operative lung function. To evaluate the impact of pressure support ventilation vs pressure controlled ventilation in moderately obese adults upon early postoperative lung function, we randomly assigned 68 moderately obese patients (body mass index 25-35 kg x m(-2)) undergoing minor surgery to receive intra-operative ventilation either with pressure support or pressure cont...

INTRODUCTION Lung fibrosis, reduced lung compliance, and severe hypoxemia found in patients with acute lung injury often result in a need for the support of mechanical ventilation. High-tidal-volume mechanical ventilation can increase lung damage and fibrogeneic activity but the mechanisms regulating the interaction between high tidal volume and lung fibrosis are unclear. We hypothesized that h...

Key points † Mechanical ventilation can have adverse effects on pulmonary function by several distinct mechanisms. † Patients undergoing one-lung ventilation or cardiopulmonary bypass are at increased risk of developing acute lung injury (ALI). † Protective ventilatory strategies may prevent or reduce ALI. † There is a lack of randomized controlled trials to guide optimal intra-operative ventil...