While rail has been the focus of most planning for Transit Oriented Development (TOD), there has been recent interest in bus-related TOD with an emphasis on new bus rapid transit (BRT) systems in North and South America and Australia. This article takes a critical look at the strengths and challenges of bus-based transit systems compared to rail in relation to TOD. It includes a review of the l...

•Nicotine injection activates or inhibits distinct VTA dopaminergic subpopulations•NAc-projecting neurons are excited by nicotine, and their activation is reinforcing•Amygdala-projecting inhibited silencing anxiogenic•Nicotine-mediated anxiety prevented activating VTA-amygdala DA Nicotine stimulates dopamine (DA) of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to establish maintain reinforcement. also indu...

Since the first report of an association between cardiac troponin (cTn) and adverse outcome in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HD), there is a paucity confirmative data. We performed prospective, prespecified 5-year follow-up cohort study 135 HC patients who participated national multicenter project underwent clinical evaluation, MRI (cine, LGE T2-weighted imaging) biomarker assessment (high-sensi...