Tile responses of artificial neural networks to experimental and model generated inputs are compared for detection of damage in twisted fan blades using electronic holography. Tile training set inputs, for this work, are experimentally generated cllaracteristic pattenls of tile vibrating blades. Tile outputs are damage flag indicators or second derivatives of tile sensitivity vector projected d...

Buyer cooperatives, buyer alliances, and horizontal mergers are often perceived as attempts to increase buyer power. While prior theoretical and empirical work has emphasized that buyer size can increase buyer surplus, I show that even a small group of buyers with heterogeneous preferences can increase price competition among rival sellers by forming a buyer group and committing to buy exclusiv...

Acquired hair loss may be a manifestation of various internal diseases, hormonal and nutritional conditions, systemic intoxications and genetic traits. However, exogenous exposures may be major contributors to hair thinning and decline of texture, color, luster, elasticity and manageability. In this review, we describe the effects of various exogenous agents on hair, including hair cosmetics, t...

Solution-cast coating films of perchlorate-doped oligo(3-methoxythiophene) exhibited a gold-like luster similar to that metallic gold despite the involvement no metals. However, development mechanism remains ambiguous. To understand mechanism, we performed scanning electron microscopic analysis, variable-angle spectral reflectance measurements, and ellipsometry measurements on ClO4−-doped cast ...

We extend the study of Akiyama’s tile-makers: surfaces whose developments all tile the plane. First, we prove that the developments of Akiyama’s tile-makers are the prototiles that tile the plane isohedrally with rotation and without reflection. Second, we give a simple characterization of all closed (boundaryless) tile-makers and give three new tile-makers not known to Akiyama. Finally, we pro...

We show that the Tile Assembly Model exhibits a strong notion of universality where the goal is to give a single tile assembly system that simulates the behavior of any other tile assembly system. We give a tile assembly system that is capable of simulating a very wide class of tile systems, including itself. Specifically, we give a tile set that simulates the assembly of any tile assembly syst...