Statistically significant alignment was generated between the amino acid sequences of the (putative) shell (S) domains of the capsid proteins of small RNA plant viruses with icosahedral capsids in the tombusvirus, carmovirus, dianthovirus, sobemovirus and luteovirus groups. Inspection of the alignment showed good correspondence between the experimentally defined beta-strands and alpha-helices o...

Viruses in the family Luteoviridae have positive-sense RNA genomes of around 5.2 to 6.3 kb, and they are limited to the phloem in infected plants. The Luteovirus and Polerovirus genera include all but one virus in the Luteoviridae. They share a common gene block, which encodes the coat protein (ORF3), a movement protein (ORF4), and a carboxy-terminal extension to the coat protein (ORF5). These ...

A protocol for isolating hemolymph from viruliferous aphids has been developed. This method uses warm melted wax to immobilize the aphid. Following removal of a hind leg, the hemolymph can be collected readily. Flushing with RNase-free water allows for collection of sufficient hemolymph for RNA extraction from individual aphids. The extracted RNA was successfully used for detection of barley ye...

The molecular determinants of stimulation of -1 programmed ribosomal frameshifting (-1 PRF) by RNA pseudoknots are poorly understood. Sugarcane yellow leaf virus (ScYLV) encodes a 28-nt mRNA pseudoknot that promotes -1 PRF between the P1 (protease) and P2 (polymerase) genes in plant luteoviruses. The solution structure of the ScYLV pseudoknot reveals a well ordered loop 2 (L2) that exhibits con...

legume cultivation and production including chickpea is one of the main agricultural objectives in iran. chickpea crop is a good sources of protein consumption for human diet and play a significant role in nitrogen fixation in cultivated soil and also self reliance for iran economy. chickpea cultivated as a non irrigated crop in lorestan and hamadan provinces in iran. several virus diseases inf...

A GroEL homolog with a molecular mass of 60 kDa, produced by the primary endosymbiotic bacterium (a Buchnera sp.) of Myzus persicae and released into the hemolymph, has previously been shown to be a key protein in the transmission of potato leafroll virus (PLRV). Like other luteoviruses and pea enation mosaic virus, PLRV readily binds to extracellular Buchnera GroEL, and in vivo interference in...

Barley yellow dwarf (BYD)-associated viruses are economically important in a wide range of cereals and grasses worldwide. These viruses belong to family Luteoviridae and are efficiently transmitted by aphids in a circulative and non-propagative manner. BYD-associated viruses have a genome of single-stranded positive sense RNA (+ssRNA). Even if isolates of BYD-associated viruses from different p...