human t-lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-1) is an endemic virus in iran and other regions that is associated with multiple diseases including adult t-cell leukemia/ lymphoma and a chronic debilitating neuroinflammatory disease, htlv-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (ham/tsp). ham/tsp is seen in approximately 2% of htlv-1-infected people with symptoms such as back pain, weakne...

0

Simian T-lymphotropic retroviruses with structural, antigenic, and cytopathic features similar to the etiologic agent of human acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV), have been isolated from a variety of primate species including African green monkeys (STLV-IIIAGM). This report describes nucleic acid cross-reactivi...

A new strain of simian T-lymphotropic virus type 1 in blood samples from a chimpanzee that lived in the tropical rainforest of Ivory Coast is described. The sequence obtained from the long terminal repeat region of the genome is significantly divergent from all known human and nonhuman primate T-lymphotropic virus type 1 strains (963% homology to the closest related strains from Central African...

Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is an aggressive type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that can be primary the skin or secondary, caused by Human lymphotropic virus (HTLV-1) infection. The prevalence HTLV-1 infection high in Brazil, however reports ATLL are rare, possibly underdiagnosed and underreported. This paper presents a case report patient coming from south region country with few cited c...

1. Brites C, Oliveira AS, Netto EM. Coinfection with HIV and human T lymphotropic virus type 1: what is the real impact of HIV disease? Clin Infect Dis 2004; 40:329–30 (in this issue). 2. Beilke MA, Theall K, O’Brien M, et al. Clinical outcomes and disease progression among patients coinfected with HIV and human T lymphotropic virus types 1 and 2. Clin Infect Dis 2004; 39:256–63. 3. Hershow RC,...

After the addition of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I)-infected lymphocytes to enterocyte monolayers, the lymphocytes adhered via microvilli from both cell types and shed virus onto the enterocyte surface. Virus fused with the epithelial membrane and infected these cells as confirmed by electron microscopic immunocytochemistry, in situ hybridization, and amplification by polymera...

Because Gibraltar's macaques (Macaca sylvanus) have frequent contact with humans, we assayed 79 macaques for antibodies to enzootic primate viruses. All macaques were seronegative for herpesvirus B, simian T-cell lymphotropic virus, simian retrovirus, simian immunodeficiency virus, and rhesus cytomegalovirus. Seroprevalence of simian foamy virus reached 88% among adult animals.

The human T-lymphotropic viruses (HTLVs) types 1 and 2 originated independently and are related to distinct lineages of simian T-lymphotropic viruses (STLV-1 and STLV-2, respectively). These facts, along with the finding that HTLV-1 diversity appears to have resulted from multiple cross-species transmissions of STLV-1, suggest that contact between humans and infected nonhuman primates (NHPs) ma...

See page 932 Emerging zoonotic diseases are among the most important public-health threats facing humanity. One of the major examples is the AIDS epidemic which emerged in the 1980s as a result of cross-species transmissions of simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs) to human beings several decades earlier. As with HIV, other retroviruses (such as human T-lymphotropic viruses 1 and 2) are also o...