cotton aphid, aphis frangulae gossypii glover, is a major pest of cucumber in iran. one of the important parasitoids playing role in population control of this pest in the fields and greenhouses is lysiphlebus fabarum marshall. in this study, we investigated sensitivity of different instars of cotton aphids and pupal stage of l. fabarum to field recommended and half-recommended concentration of...

The flower fly species, Eupeodes nuba (Wiedemann, 1830) (Diptera: Syrphidae) is crucial for agroecosystems as it provides various ecosystem services such pest control through the use of predatory larvae and crop pollination by adults. In this research, consumption rate different instars Aphis fabae (Scopoli, 1763) E. has been studied under laboratory conditions at 25±2 °C, 60±10% humidity (RH)....

The toxicity of three insecticides to Lysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae), a parasitoid of Aphis fabae Scopoli (Hemiptera: Aphididae), was investigated using IOBC/wprs protocols. Abamectin 1.8 EC, imidacloprid 350 SC, and pymetrozine 25 WP were tested under laboratory conditions at recommended field rates. Immature stages of the parasitoid were exposed to materi...

The evolutionary maintenance of sex is one of the big unresolved puzzles in biology. All else being equal, all-female asexual populations should enjoy a two-fold reproductive advantage over sexual relatives consisting of male and female individuals. However, the "all else being equal" assumption rarely holds in real organisms because asexuality tends to be confounded with altered genomic consti...

Models of host-parasite coevolution predict pronounced genetic dynamics if resistance and infectivity are genotype-specific or associated with costs, and if selection is fueled by sufficient genetic variation. We addressed these assumptions in the black bean aphid, Aphis fabae, and its parasitoid Lysiphlebus fabarum. Parasitoid genotypes differed in infectivity and host clones exhibited huge va...